1. Chapter 3 What are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?

2. TODAY’S MENU I. Functions of Cultural Values
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions
III. Additional Value Orientations
Individual Socialization Development
Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables

3. Value ?
Principles or standards of behaviour; one's judgement of what is important in life.
Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. Read more:
Principles or standards of behaviour; one's judgement of what is important in life.

4. I. Functions of Cultural Values
Analyzing Cultural Values
Identity Meaning Function
Explanatory Function
Motivational Function
Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative Function
Link to the video “Best Buy -Different Cultures, Same Values” on YouTube:
Click here to watch how Best Buy demonstrates how it takes its cultural values and uses them throughout the different countries in which it operates.

5. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions
IDENTITY:
INDIVIDUALISM
COLLECTIVISM
POWER
Small power distance
Large power distance
UNCERTAINTY
Weak Uncertainty
Avoidance
Strong Uncertainty
SEX ROLES
Feminisme
Masculinisme

6. Individualistic Cultures Collectivistic Cultures
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern
Individualistic Cultures
Collectivistic Cultures
“I” Identity
Nuclear family
Privacy regulation
Individual competition
Personal competence
Direct comm. patterns
Independent self
“We” Identity
Extended family
Relational harmony
Teamwork
Ingroup emphasis
Indirect comm. patterns
Interdependent self

7. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern
Small Power Distance
Large Power Distance
Emphasize interpersonal equality
Children may contradict parents
Younger people are smart
Teachers ask for feedback
Subordinates expect consultation
Informal comm. patterns
Horizontal self
Emphasize status based difference Children should obey parents Older people are wise Teachers lecture Subordinates expect guidance Formal comm. patterns Vertical self

8. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern
Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is valued Family is dynamic and changing High mobility in relationships Challenges are welcome Encourage risk-taking Conflict can be positive High tolerance for ambiguity
Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is a threat Reinforce family rules Low mobility in relationships Routines are welcome Encourage clear procedure Conflict is negative Low tolerance for ambiguity

9. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Feminine-Masculine Value Pattern
Feminine Cultures Flexible sex roles Emphasize nurturance Both genders take initiative Social adjustment is critical Work in order to live Fluid gender communication Overlapped gender roles
Masculine Cultures
Complementary sex roles
Emphasize achievement
Males take initiative
Academic performance is critical
Live in order to work
“Masculine” toughness vs. “feminine” softness
Clear masculine/feminine gender roles

10. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Media Activities
My Big Fat Greek Wedding film clip:
Connect with the different value dimensions
Japanese Snowboarder: Values
During the 2008 Winter Olympics a Japanese snowboarder received a large backlash from his home country after wearing his country’s uniform “inappropriately.” Click here to watch video.
The Last Samurai film clip:
Click here to watch this clip about Feminine/ Masculine Cultures
Japanese Snowboarder CNN Video available here
Last Samurai clip:

11. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Self-Assessment Discussion
Four-Dimensional Values Inventory (DVI)
What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development?
Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic, Workplace, Family, and Personal Self.
Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of Differences and Similarities between SELF and OTHER. . .

13. IV. Individual Socialization Development
A. Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal
B. Horizontal versus Vertical Self-Construal
C. Internal versus External Locus of Control

14. V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
Observe verbal and nonverbal signals attentively. O
Describe specific behaviors with a minimum of distortion. D
Generate multiple interpretations of the unfamiliar behaviors. I
Suspend ethnocentric evaluation, perform open-ended evaluation. S

15. Values Exploration Exercise
“PARABLE” Application Exercise
Individual Decision Ranking
Group Discussion
Group Decision Consensus Ranking
In-Class Writing Assignment