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Chapter 5 Connecting through Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

This Chapter Will Help You: Differentiate nonverbal communication from verbal communication. Explain the six key characteristics of nonverbal communication. Identify the five functions of nonverbal communication. Compare and contrast different types of nonverbal communication and the ways competent communicators are aware of their nonverbal communication. Explain why it is difficult to interpret and understand communication and how to ensure that the message received is accurate. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What Is Nonverbal Communication? Behaviors, symbols, attributes, or objects—whether intended or not—that communicate messages with social meaning are known as nonverbal communication. We have a tendency to take nonverbal communication for granted. We spend more of our time communicating nonverbally than verbally. We often make our daily decisions based on our nonverbal communication. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication occurs constantly Nonverbal communication depends on context Nonverbal communication is a primary means of expression Nonverbal communication is more believable Nonverbal communication is related to culture Nonverbal communication is ambiguous Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Discussion Question: Is it important to understand nonverbal communication? What do you think is being transmitted here nonverbally? Photo courtesy of Marilyn Shaw Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Things You Should Know about Nonverbal Communication Carries most of the meaning of the message, particularly feelings and attitudes toward others. Is a frequent source of misunderstandings. Is not governed by a set of universal rules. Is multi-channeled, complicated, and ever-changing. Is bound to context and culture. Is more likely than verbal communication to be spontaneous and unintentional. Is powerful and more believable than verbal communication. Is learned (not always consciously). Is critical in relationship initiation, development, and termination. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Functions of Nonverbal Communication Complementing Completes, describes, or accents a verbal message. Repeating Expresses a message identical to the verbal one. Regulating Controls the flow of communication. Substituting Replaces a verbal message with nonverbal signals to exchange thoughts. Deceiving Nonverbal cues that purposely disguise or mislead to create a false impression. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Nonverbal Communication Facial Expressions and Body Movements Kinesics Oculesics Facial expressions Facial management techniques Intensifying—exaggeration of reactions to others’ expectations Deintensifying—understatement of reactions to meet others’ expectations Neutralizing—avoidance of any emotional expression in a situation Masking—replacement of one expression with another considered more appropriate Facial Management Techniques Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Categories of Body Movement and Facial Expressions Emblems Illustrations Regulators Affect Displays Adaptors Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Characteristics Touch/Haptics One of the most basic forms of communication. Categories of touch: Functional- professional Social-polite Friendship-warmth Love-intimacy Sexual arousal Chapter 5, page 108 Medioimages/Photodisc/Getty Images Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types (Continued) Space Time Paralanguage/Vocalics Silence Proxemics Territoriality Time Chronemics Cultural differences Paralanguage/Vocalics Speech rate Accents Articulation Pronunciation Silence Vocal pauses vs. silence Cultural impact Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Artifacts Environment Personal adornments Possessions Psychological and physical surroundings in which communication occurs Photo courtesy of Marilyn Shaw Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication Self-monitoring Sending Be aware of how people react to you. Ask friends or colleagues for their help. Make a video of yourself to see how you appear to others. Adapt to the context or situation in which you find yourself. Interpreting Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings. Nonverbal cues are interdependent. Nonverbal cues are subtle. Use descriptive feedback to reduce misunderstandings. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Chapter 5 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.