Bell ringer Describe Harlem, NY

Harlem Renaissance

What It Was Harlem Renaissance A flowering of African American art, literature, music and culture in the United States led primarily by the African American community based in Harlem, New York City WEB Du Bois- founder of the NAACP, editor of The Crisis, a major outlet for African American writing and poetry and helped create the arts movement in Harlem

When It Occurred Beginning: Ending: 1924 Opportunity magazine hosted a party for black writers with many white publishers attending Ending: 1929, the year of the stock market crash and the resulting economic Great Depression

Who? 2nd generation of former slaves Lived in a country governed by Jim Crow laws

Who? Many of these people were part of the Great Migration out of the South and other racially stratified communities ; Beginning in 1910 Harlem became a favorite destination for black Americans Riots in Chicago over race due to the migration and the fact that after fighting in WW1 many African Americans had earned grater freedoms for helping fight

Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population in the North rose by about 20 percent overall. Cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland had some of the biggest increases.

Factors behind the Great Migration Avoid the racial segregation of Jim Crow laws in the South Boll weevil infestation in Southern cotton in the late 1910s forced people to search for other work Blacks could take the service jobs that new white factory workers had vacated; The Immigration Act of 1924 stopped European immigrants, causing a shortage of factory workers; The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 displaced thousands of African-American farm workers. Many African-Americans believed they could avoid the racial segregation of Jim Crow laws in the South by seeking refuge in the North where there was thought to be less racial persecution The boll weevil infestation of Southern cotton fields in the late 1910s forced many sharecroppers to search for alternative employment opportunities The enormous expansion of war industries created new job openings for blacks—not in the factories but in the service jobs that new factory workers vacated World War I and the Immigration Act of 1924 effectively put a halt to the flow of European immigrants to the emerging industrial centers of the Northeast and Midwest, causing shortages of workers in the factories Anti-immigration legislation after the war resulted in similar labor shortages The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and its aftermath displaced hundreds of thousands of African-American farm workers

Effects of the Harlem Renaissance Music Literature Art

Music Jazz Brass and woodwind instruments with trumpets, trombones and saxophones playing lead parts Characterized by intricate leads and accidentals Complex chords, syncopated rhythms Improvised solos

Music Big Band or Swing No microphones meant that musicians increased band size to increase sound Used composers and arrangers Little room for improvisation

Notable Musicians

Notable Writers Langston Hughes Countee Cullen Zora Neale Hurston Zora- educated in the South, went to school in New York, wrote short stories, plays, studied anthropology, wrote novels, nonfiction Countee Cullen Zora Neale Hurston

Notable Artists Self Portrait with Bandana, William Johnson

Portrait Bust of Paul Robeson Sir Jacob Epstein Midonz, Ronald Moody

Les Fetiches, Lois Mailou Jones

Dust to Dust, Jacob Lawrence

Blues, Archibald Motley, Jr.