Parenthetical Citations The basics you need to know

What to include? You must include the Author and Page number in your citation. (We’ll discuss how to cite works without an author in a few minutes!) Here are a few ways you can do this: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).  Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

To quote or not to quote? **Not everything that you cite will be directly quoted (i.e. use quotation marks). Look at the last example above! Some things will reference or summarize information. Even if it is your own words but the idea comes from someone else, you MUST cite! **

What else must happen? All parenthetical or in-text citations must match with a Works Cited entry.

For Example In text: Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Works Cited Entry: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford UP, 1967. Print. **Note that the Works Cited entry matches up with the information given in the in-text citation. That gives readers a chance to find that quote or information if they want to continue researching the topic. **

What can this look like? Short Quotations can be cited a few different ways. Note the format of each situation below. According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality“, though others disagree (Foulkes 184). According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184). Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

What if it’s a long quote? Long Quotations are a little bit of a different story. These are quotes that extend 4 lines or more. A colon comes right before the quote. There are no quotation marks and the whole quote is indented ONE INCH. The citation comes AFTER the final punctuation here. This indicates that the whole quote is cited (not just the last sentence).

For example Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

No Author? What if I don’t have an author’s name?! Include a shortened version of the sources’ title as it would appear on your Works Cited page. Use quotations for a shorter work (an article) Use italics for a larger work (whole website, journal, book, play, etc.)

For Example We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6). **Note how the parenthetical reference matches the Works Cited entry: "The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.

More than one Sometimes, your sources will have more than one author. See those examples below. Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state, "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).

No Page? Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.