I Spy Activity: Get a sheet of notebook paper. Write the name of one object you’ve seen on campus on front of your paper On back, list at least 5 properties to describe that item. Find a partner to describe it to and see if they can guess your item.

MATTER Part 2

Is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter. CHEMISTRY: Is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter.

MATTER: Anything with mass and volume. Fun- Fact: Matter can be changed by energy…

MASS: Is a measure of the amount of matter. What unit do we measure mass in?? Grams

VOLUME: Is the amount of three dimensional space something occupies. What units do we measure volume in? Liters Cubic cm (cm3)

BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER: ATOMS: The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. ELEMENTS: Pure substances made of only one kind of atom. COMPOUND: Substance made from atoms of 2 or more different elements, chemically bonded together. Put examples on board: Silver atom, Gold atom, Water, NaCl, O2, N2.

Properties of matter: Every substance has unique characteristic properties Extensive properties - depend on the amount of matter present. Intensive properties – DO NOT depend on the amount of matter present.

Extensive Properties: Mass Volume Length Amount of energy present Think calories for amount of energy.

Intensive properties: Melting point State of matter Density pH Viscosity Magnetism Boiling point Cohesion Odor Electrical resistance Solubility Texture Luster Taste Color Hardness Clarity Ductility Radioactivity Malleability Compressability

Physical properties Can be measured or observed without altering the composition of the material. Color, Shape, Size, density, melting, freezing or boiling point, malleability, ductility.

Chemical Properties: A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change, transforming it into a different substance. Example: flammability! Ask about items that are flammable

Worksheet On your own, using your handout and notes, complete the “Properties of Matter worksheet”. You will have approximately 15 minutes to do this so don’t waste time.

Change

Physical changes Do not change the identity or composition of the substance. Examples: melting, boiling, condensation, dissolving, deposition, sublimination

Chemical Changes A change that produces a new type of matter with properties different from the original. Ex:tarnishing, cooking, rusting Also called “Chemical reactions” brownies – flour, cocoa, eggs, salt, butter, baking powder: imagine how different a brownie tastes and looks from the ingredients.

Chemical Change Indicators Change of color Release of gas Formation of precipitate (solid) Changes in temperature (hot or cold) Changes in light Talk about changes in temp vs. melting

Chemical Reactions Can be written as a chemical equation: Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Reactants are the substances that react Carbon and Oxygen Products are what is formed (carbon dioxide) Carbon Dioxide

Pure Substances: Elements Compounds

Elements are: The simplest form of matter. Made up of exactly the same type of atoms. Found on the periodic table. (Examples: Carbon, Uranium, Rubidium, Manganese, Neon)

Two kinds of Elements: Monatomic Elements: Diatomic Elements: Elements that exist as a single, unbonded atom. Examples: C (carbon), S (sulfur), Al (aluminum) Diatomic Elements: Elements that exist in a paired state, but only bonded to atoms of the same element. Examples: O2 (oxygen), N2 (nitrogen)

Made from atoms of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. Compounds are: Pure substances Made from atoms of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. Ex: sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H20)

Homogeneous Heterogeneous MIXTURES Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Mixtures are: Made up of two or more substances that can be separated using physical means. Each component retains its own characteristics.

Homogeneous mixtures The composition & properties are uniform throughout the mixture. Also called “Solutions”. Examples: sugar water, sea water, brass, air

Homogeneous mixtures Particles cannot be seen with a microscope. Particles can’t be separated using a centrifuge or filter.

Homogeneous mixtures Are clear solutions. The light goes straight through it when using the Tyndall effect test.

Heterogeneous Mixtures Are not solutions. The composition and properties are not uniform throughout. Examples: granite, blood, wood, milk

Heterogeneous Mixtures The particles can be seen with a microscope. The particles can be separated using a centrifuge or filter.

Heterogenous Mixtures Two main types: Colloids Suspensions

Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures where the particles never settle out. Tyndall Effect-particles scatter light. ex: gelatin, fog

Suspensions Are heterogeneous mixtures containing a liquid in which visible particles settle out upon standing. Examples: Muddy water, cough syrup or anything that says “shake well” before using.