Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels

renewable resources: resources that can be replaced within a human lifetime or as they are used (months, years, or decades)

air, water, animals, & plants Examples: air, water, animals, & plants

Nonrenewable resource: resources whose supply is limited and cannot be replaced once used (takes millions of years to form)

examples: minerals, metals, fossil fuels

Energy Resources fossil fuels: fuel formed from remains of living organisms examples: coal, oil, natural gas consists of compounds of hydrogen and carbons (hydrocarbons) non renewable

carbonization: process in which plant material are changed into carbon coal originated in swamps from remains of plants

peat: brownish-black material produced by decomposed plant remains

Types of coal: lignite: brown coal; made from peat deposits covered by sediments with gases and water squeezed out

bituminous: soft coal; formed from lignite under pressure (most abundant)

anthracite: produced when folding of earth’s crust produces high temperature and pressure

Coal Formation Peat – partially decayed plant material Lignite Coal – sedimentary rock (brown coal) Bituminous Coal – sedimentary (soft coal) Anthracite Coal – metamorphic (hard coal)

Observe an animation showing coal form.

Coal Fields in the U.S. More than 70% of the coal mined today is used in electric power plants!

two environmental problems associated with mining and uses of coal: 1. soil erosion from strip mining 2. air pollution from sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere

Oil & Natural Gas Formation animal & plant remains buried in ancient seas sediments build up, burying remains Organic remains turn into hydrocarbons under heat and pressure materials are squeezed out of mud and move into bedrock where they are mixed with water oil and gas float above water

products of petroleum: gasoline, medicines, plastics, tars, waxes, synthetic rubber, insecticides, detergents, synthetic fertilizers, shampoos

Tar Sands & Oil Shales Oil Shale – Rock with waxy mixture of oil Tar Sands - Mixture of clay, sand, water, and thick tar (oil)

Formation of Mineral Deposits ore: deposits of minerals from which metals and nonmetals can be removed profitably

Hydrothermal Solutions form some of the most important mineral deposits

examples: Fe--> magnetite and hematite Hg--> cinnabar Al--> bauxite

Observe common objects made of minerals. Complete Student Mineral Research Presentations