“The secret of happiness is freedom. The secret of freedom is courage

The Civil Rights Movement Goal 11.02

What is it??!? Definition: The Concerted effort by African Americans to achieve justice and equality during the 1950’s and 1960’s

-First African American Supreme Court Justice In the Court Room Plessy vs Ferguson Court case that determined that separate-but-equal is constitutionally correct! Brown vs BOE Court case that overturned Plessy vs Ferguson The effect? - Though the decision applied to schools, it implied that racial segregation was illegal in public facilities. Thurgood Marshall -First African American Supreme Court Justice

On the bus…. December 1955- Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man. The Civil Rights leaders got together and enacted “The Montgomery Bus Boycott” Lasted 381 days Included 50,000 African Americans looking for alternative transportation Rode bicycles Joined car pools Walked The Supreme court decided that segregation on the city buses was unconstitutional.

School Continue… After the Brown vs Board of Education decision many schools still would not allow blacks in their facility In 1957 9 African American attempted to enroll at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.  The governor (Orval Faubus) ordered the National Guard to not admit the students into the building.  President Eisenhower responded with federal troops to enforce desegregation.

Young People Take Action The youth took an active role in civil rights by participating in Sit-ins at segregated lunch counters and restaurants. They were often arrested, charged with disorderly conduct and imprisoned. The SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) used these sit-ins as a tool to achieve integration. It was highly effective

He Had Dream Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in nonviolent resistance In 1963, King led peaceful demonstrations to protest segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. They were attacked with dogs and fire hoses after which they were jailed. Following a large protest King wrote his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” A summation of his philosophy and the urgent need for racial justice The March on Washington- peaceful civil rights demonstration tool place in August. 250,000 people were in attendance BLACKS AND WHITES The famous “I have a Dream” Speech was delivered

King’s Accomplishments King did much in his short life Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Organized boycotts and sit-ins Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize He was Assassinated April 4, 1968

Malcolm X Had a contrasting view than MLK Leader of the Black Power Movement Practiced the Islamic faith- Gave him a better outlook on the races Believed “By any means necessary” Felt blacks could solve their own problematic situations He was assassinated February 21, 1965

President Kennedy From the White House tried to enact legislations to aid in the fight for equality Enacted early political practices such as voting for final passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 Was assassinated November 22, 1963

Legislations Civil Rights Act of 1964- Outlawed racial discrimination in public facilities and in employment 24th Amendment- abolished poll-tax requirements Voting Rights Act of 1965- abolished literacy test and authorized a system of federal examiners to register black voters. The percentage of voters tripled in the South