Bacteria Notes

Plant Fungi Protista Animal Moneran Prokaryotes

Bacteria CHARACTERISTICS 1. Have a protective cell wall 2. Prokaryote 3. Unicellular Can be heterotroph OR autotroph 5. Most belong to Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria Also unicellular and prokaryotic Live in extreme environments: Hot springs Brine pools (salt pools) Deep ocean vents (volcanic vents)

Three Shapes- SHAPES 1. Bacilli (rod) bacillus 2. Cocci (round) coccus 3. Spirilla (spiral) spiriallum

Gram Staining Gram staining is used to identify bacteria with extra membranes. These bacteria are more resistant to damage (antibiotics). Gram positive stain purple Gram negative (extra membrane) stain red

REPRODUCTION Asexual – binary fission (single cell splits into 2 identical new cells) Sexual – conjugation – trading DNA

MOBILITY (movement) 1. Most bacteria do NOT move 2. Few have a flagella - tail-like structure

MOBILITY (movement) 3. Transferred by water, air, food, insects, and human contact

HELPFUL BACTERIA 1. Food products ( cheeses, yogurts, chocolate) 2. Digestion of plant eaters (cow rumen)

HELPFUL BACTERIA 3. Helps dead things decay 4. Eats oil spills 5. Eats Sewage

HARMFUL BACTERIA 1. Pathogenic (disease-causing) M. meningitis , E. coli or Salmonella (food poisoning ), B.anthracis (anthrax), C.botulina (botulism), Flesh-eating bacteria Strep infection necratizing faciaitis

HARMFUL BACTERIA Infections (from injuries) 3. Body odor & bad breath Cutting board Kitchen sponge Tooth plaque

INTERESTING FACTS - BACTERIA Bacteria can Mutate - to change – allowing bacteria become resistant to antibiotics Bacteria develop a tolerance to a drug(s)so they can survive We can prevent by not overusing and by completing the precription given by doctor