Figure 1 Frontal bone Frontal squama of frontal bone Glabella Coronal suture Frontonasal suture Parietal bone Greater wing of Supraorbital notch sphenoid bone Supraorbital margin T emporal bone Optic canal Nasal bone Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Middle nasal concha Superior orbital fissure Perpendicular plate Inferior orbital fissure Zygomatic bone Infraorbital foramen V omer bone Mastoid process of temporal bone Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen Mandibular symphysis Skull, anterior view.

Figure 2 Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Coronal suture Parietal bone Temporal bone Squamous suture Occipitomastoid suture Lambdoid Occipital bone External occipital protuberance External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Mandible Mandibular notch Mental foramen Frontal bone Supraorbital foramen Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Lacrimal fossa Zygomatic bone Maxilla Coronoid process Alveolar margins Zygomatic process Mandibular condyle Skull, right external view of lateral surface.

Figure 3 Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Frontal sinus Ethmoid bone (crista galli) Nasal bone Sphenoid sinus (perpendicular plate) Vomer bone Alveolar margins Mandible Pterygoid process Mandibular foramen Palatine bone Maxilla Squamous suture Temporal Lambdoid Occipital Occipitomastoid External occipital protuberance Internal acoustic meatus Sella turcica Parietal bone Hypoglossal canal Skull, internal view of left lateral aspect.

Figure 4 Skull, external view of base. Foramen magnum Superior nuchal line Temporal bone (petrous part) Styloid process Hard palate Zygomatic Incisive fossa Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Foramen ovale Foramen Iacerum Carotid canal Stylomastoid foramen Jugular foramen Occipital condyle Inferior nuchal line (zygomatic process) Vomer Mandibular fossa Pharyngeal tubercle External occipital crest External occipital protuberance (palatine process) Palatine bone (horizontal plate) Mastoid process Foramen spinosum Greater palatine

Figure 5 Skull, internal view of base. Petrous part of temporal bone Sella turcica Posterior clinoid process Frontal sinus Crista galli Cribriform plate Ethmoid bone Optic canal Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Middle cranial fossa Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Frontal bone Olfactory foramina Anterior cranial fossa Zygomatic arch Sphenoid Lesser wing Greater wing Tuberculum sellae Hypophyseal fossa Dorsum sellae Parietal bone Posterior cranial fossa Foramen magnum Groove for transverse dural sinus Occipital bone Anterior clinoid process

Figure 6 Basioccipital Pharyngeal tubercle Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Condylar fossa Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line External occipital crest protuberance Occipital bone, inferior external view.

Figure 7 Supraorbital notch margin Superciliary arch (brow ridge) Frontal squama of frontal bone Glabella Orbital part Roof of ethmoidal air cells inferior surface anterior view Frontal bone.

External acoustic meatus Figure 8a right lateral surface Mastoid part Squamous part Tympanic External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Zygomatic process Mandibular fossa

Internal acoustic meatus Mastoid part Groove for sigmoid dural sinus Figure 8b Temporal bone. right medial view Zygomatic process Styloid Notch for roof of jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Mastoid part Groove for sigmoid dural sinus Squamous part Petrous part Mastoid foramen

Figure 9 Greater wing Body of sphenoid Medial and lateral pterygoid plates Body with openings of sphenoidal sinuses superior view posterior view anterior view Greater wing Lesser wing Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Pterygoid process Sphenoid bone. Optic canal Medial and lateral pterygoid plates ovale spinosum Anterior clinoid process Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica

posterior view anterior view Ethmoid bone. Perpendicular plate Left Figure 10 posterior view anterior view Ethmoid bone. Perpendicular plate Left lateral mass Middle nasal concha Superior nasal concha Orbital plate Ethmoidal cell left lateral surface Crista galli Orbital Olfactory foramina Cribriform plate (part of horizontal plate) Left lateral Middle Ethmoidal cells

Mandibular foramen Mental Mandibular notch Coronoid process Alveolar Figure 11 Mandible. right medial view Alveolar margin Coronoid process Mandibular notch condyle Ramus of mandible foramen Angle of Body of right lateral view Mental Mandibular foramen

Maxilla. right medial view Incisive fossa Anterior nasal spine Frontal Figure 12 Maxilla. right medial view Incisive fossa Anterior nasal spine Frontal process Maxillary sinus Palatine right lateral view Zygomatic Articulates with ethmoid bone frontal bone Nasal bone Frontal process Infraorbital foramen Anterior nasal spine Alveolar margin Lacrimal Orbital surface

Orbital process Sphenopalatine notch Sphenoidal process Vertical Figure 13 Palatine bone. Vertical plate Sphenoidal process Sphenopalatine notch Orbital process right posterior view Horizontal Pyramidal right lateral view Maxillary Pyramidal process

Medial wall Sphenoid body Supraorbital notch Optic canal Orbital plate Figure 14 Supraorbital notch Superior orbital fissure Roof of orbit Orbital plate of frontal bone Lesser wing of sphenoid bone Inferior orbital Bony orbit. Infraorbital foramen Nasal bone Optic canal Floor of orbit Orbital process of palatine bone Orbital surface of maxillary bone Medial wall Sphenoid body Orbital plate of ethmoid bone Frontal process of maxilla Lacrimal bone Lateral wall of orbit Zygomatic process of frontal bone Greater wing of zygomatic bone groove Zygomatic bone

Crista galli Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid sinuses Middle nasal concha Figure 15 Nasal cavity, left lateral wall. Medial and lateral pterygoid plates Dorsum sellae External occipital protuberance Occipitomastoid suture Lambdoid Petrous part of temporal bone Squamous part of Squamous suture Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Frontal bone Palatine bone Maxilla Frontal sinus Crista galli Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid sinuses Middle nasal concha Maxillary sinus Inferior nasal concha Internal acoustic meatus Sella turcica

Fetal skull. Temporal bone (squamous part) Anterior fontanelle Frontal Figure 16 Fetal skull. Temporal bone (squamous part) Anterior fontanelle Frontal bone Sphenoidal Mastoid Occipital Parietal anterior view Mandible suture Maxilla lateral view