Body System Organization Overview

UEQ: How is the body organized? LEQ: What are the major organ systems of the human body? Warm up: How many organ systems can you name in the human body?

Integumentary System Includes: Cutaneous membrane, aka skin Other accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands. Protect the body from drying out and having foreign items entering in

Skeletal System Made up of bones; also includes your cartilage (tendons and ligaments) provide points of attachment for muscles protect and support softer tissue house blood producing cells, store inorganic salts provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves

Respiratory system Includes nasal cavity, sinus cavity, throat, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Primary function is to obtain oxygen and remove CO2 Includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air & transport air into and out of the lungs gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells = respiration Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production in the cells = cellular respiration

Muscular System Muscles and organs composed of specialized cells that use chemical energy stored in nutrients to contract Actions include: muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate heartbeat, and distribute heat

Cardiovascular System Includes heart, arteries, veins, blood Brings oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and removes waste Comprised of a pump (heart) and its vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood If didn’t exist, no oxygen or nutrients would be delivered, CO2/wastes would build up

Urinary System Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes Helps to maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes Regulates pH and volume of body fluid Helps to control red blood cell production and blood pressure

Nervous System Comprised of neurons, aka nerve cells; nervous tissue – bundles of axons and neuroglial cells Sensory information is brought into and sent out of the brain and spinal cord Nerve impulses are chemical reactions that allow them to communicate from cell to cell. Can be divided into two systems – Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Digestive System Includes: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small and large intestine Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods Supplies body cells with nutrients Consists of the alimentary canal – mouth to anus. 186 sq. meters long

Endocrine System Include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus gland Endocrine glands – secrete hormones Exocrine glands – secrete “stuff” outside the body. Act on cells called target cells Can be used as messenger molecules

Lymphatic and Immunity System Consists of: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen. Network of vessels that transports transports fluids Carry away excess fluids from body to blood stream Launch both generalized and targeted attacks against foreign objects or toxins

Reproductive System can be divided into the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia. gonads are the actual organs that produce the gametes. Males - testes produce sperm; external genitalia- penis and scrotum; internal genitalia – prostate gland Females - ovaries make eggs; internal genitalia – vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes