Biology 2018 Final Review Miller and Levine

All living things are made up of________________. bones blood cells elements

If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a(n)____________. eukaryote prokaryote plant animal

Despite differences in shape and size, all cells have cytoplasm and a _____________. cell wall mitochondrion cell membrane nucleus

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____________ in plant cells. cell wall chloroplast mitochondria nucleus

Which of the following controls what enters and leaves the cell? mitochondria cell membrane nucleus vacuole

In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the__________. cell membrane nucleolus organelle nucleus

Which organelle converts the chemical energy in food into a form that cells can use? nucleolus mitochondria chromosomes chloroplast

Threadlike structures that contain genetic information are called ___________. ribosomes nuclei chromosomes mitochondria

This organelle translates information from RNA into proteins. ribosome mitochondria chromosome chloroplast

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called ______________. exocytosis endocytosis phagocytosis osmosis

Which statement best describes the result of placing a cell from fresh water into a concentrated sugar solution. water moves into the cell water moves out of the cell protein synthesis begins sugar moves out of the cell

What is the gelatin like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane called? ribosome chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm

The process of cell division results in ______________. sister chromatids two identical daughter cells mitosis unregulated growth

If a cell has 4 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis? 8 12 4 16

During ______________, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

The timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related proteins called _____________. chromatids centromeres centrioles cyclins

_____________ is an in between phase where a cell goes through a period of growth. prophase interphase telophase metaphase

Uncontrolled cell division occurs in ____________. cancer mitosis cytokinesis cyclin

The _________ is a mictrotubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. cytoplasm spindle centriole none of the above

Different forms of a gene are called ____________. hybrids alleles dominant factors recessive factors

A Punnett Square is used to determine the _________. probable outcome of a cross actual outcome of a cross result of mitosis result of meiosis

Organisms that have two identical alleles for the same trait are said to be _____. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive

The physical characteristics of an organism is its _____. genotype heredity phenotype genetics

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait are said to be _____. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive

The scientific study of heredity is known as __________. genotype heredity phenotype genetics

A nucleotide contains ________. DNA polymerase, a phosphate group, a nitrogen base 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, a nitrogen base a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base and DNA polymerase none of the above

During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence ATA ACG CCT? TAT TGC GGA UAU UGC GGA TAA TCG GGA

During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates into two strands, and then produces two ________________ following the rules of base pairing. complementary strands RNA molecules transformations DNA polymerase molecules

In a DNA or RNA molecule, the nucleotide adenine bonds with ___________. both cytosine and thymine thymine or uracil cytosine guanine

The nitrogenous bases are held together in a DNA molecule by __________. nothing water hydrogen bonds ionic bonds

The process of decoding m-RNA into a protein is called ____________. transformation transcription translation translocation

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of m-RNA is called ______________. translation transformation transcription replication transcription 

Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as ______. replications transformations prokaryotes mutations

In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular _____________. nucleotide amino acid purine pyrimidine

An expressed gene is one that is ________________. functions as a promoter is transcribed into m-RNA codes for only one amino acid is made of r-RNA

Anti-codons are three unpaired bases on a _________ molecule. DNA m-RNA r-RNA t-RNA

There are __________ stop codons in m-RNA. five three none two

There are _________start codons. three two one none one (AUG)

The_________ is where the m-RNA molecule is translated into a protein. cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus ribosome

__________ is a polymer of amino acids. DNA Protein t-RNA r-RNA