Identify one reform movement in the 21st century Aim: Why did America enter a period of social reform in the early 1800s? Do Now: Identify one reform movement in the 21st century What is the purpose of reforms? Homework: Review Sheet for Test Test –Adams to Reformers

Reforms and Reformers Attempts at Change

The Reforming Spirit Men and women who led the reform movements of the 1800s wanted to expand the nation’s ideals of liberty and equality to all Americans. They believed the nation should live up to the noble goals stated in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

What Would You Do? In the early 1800’s, alcohol abuse was very common among men, women, and even children. Alcohol was served openly in workplaces, grocery stores, candy stores, and at most celebrations. Heavy drinking among men often led to violence against women, mental illness, and the breakup of families.

Education Reform Led by Horace Mann and led to growth of public schools State funding for schools Mandatory attendance for students Training for teachers in specific disciplines.

Prison & Mental Health Reform Led by Dorothea Dix Called for improvement of horrible prison conditions Stop abuse of mentally ill Creation of mental institutions

Temperance Movement Led by preachers and women Fought to moderate (lessen) or destroy American drinking habits Stop abuse of women and children; Chief goal was the prohibition of alcohol Temperance = Moderation

Adoption of the 18th Amendment (1920) Banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States

Women’s Rights Movement Cult of Domesticity was a widely viewed belief in the 1800s about women’s role in society. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott led the movement for women to achieve equal rights. Seneca Falls Convention – first women’s rights convention ever held (Seneca Falls, NY) in 1848. Declaration of Sentiments - Based on the American Declaration of Independence, the Sentiments demanded equality with men before the law, in education and employment. Here, too, was the first pronouncement demanding that women be given the right to suffrage (vote).

Seneca Falls Convention (1848) First women’s rights convention Major Roles: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Lucretia Mott Mott

Seneca Falls Convention (1848) 200 women and 400 men attended Issued a Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

What Did They Want? Women’s suffrage (right to vote) Equal pay Opportunities in education Other gender barriers removed

Efforts to End Slavery Northwest Ordinance (1787) – slavery banned north of the Ohio River

Abolitionist Movement (1820) What does it mean to abolish something? Abolitionists: anti-slavery activists who tried eliminate slavery in the United States The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe helped to stimulate the movement

Underground Railroad Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. Abolitionists established a network of trade routes and escape houses to help African -Americans travel north. Harriet Tubman, a former slave, made 19 trips to escort runaways.

North vs. South Abolition was stronger in the North, but northern merchants feared that abolition would further weaken relations between the North and South, harming trade. White workers feared the competition from escaped or freed slaves willing to work for lower wages.

Have the goals of these reform movements been achieved today? Closing Question Have the goals of these reform movements been achieved today? Explain with specific details.