The Correctional Context PART I The Correctional Context

Chapter 1 What is Corrections?

The Purpose of Corrections Social Control Helps Define the Limits of Behavior Punishment Change Offenders Programs, services, facilities, & organizations responsible for managing people accused or convicted of criminal offenses

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Police, prosecutors, courts, corrections Goals Punishment Protection Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Interconnectedness Sentencing Classification Supervision Programming Revocation Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Interconnectedness Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Environment Public opinion Fiscal constraints The law Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Feedback Learn Grow Improve Trouble obtaining useful feedback Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Complexity Pretrial drug treatment Electronically monitored home confinement Work centers Private, nonprofit residential treatment programs Learning Objective Two and Three

A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections Complexity Learning Objective Two and Three

The Corrections System Today Federalism State Level Corrections California Florida New York Texas Learning Objective Three

The Corrections System Today Main Components of Corrections Prison Jail Probation Intermediate sanctions Parole Learning Objective Three

The History of Corrections In America The Colonial Period “The Great Law” The Quaker Code The Anglican Code Learning Objective Seven

The History of Corrections In America The Arrival of the Penitentiary The Penitentiary Act of 1779 Four principles A secure and sanitary building Inspection to ensure that offenders followed the rules Abolition of fees charged offenders for their food A reformatory regime Learning Objective Five

The History of Corrections In America The Arrival of the Penitentiary The Pennsylvania System Five principles Prisoners would not be treated vengefully Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent Solitary confinement would be punishment Solitary confinement would be economical Learning Objective Five

The History of Corrections In America The Arrival of the Penitentiary The New York (Auburn) System Congregate System Isolation at night Workshops in the day Learning Objective Five

The History of Corrections In America The Arrival of the Penitentiary Debating the Systems Learning Objective Five

The History of Corrections In America The Arrival of the Penitentiary Prisons in the South and West Lease system Learning Objective Five

The History of Corrections In America The Reformatory Movement Cincinnati, 1870 Declaration of Principles Elmira Reformatory Three grade system of classification Indeterminate sentence Learning Objective Six

The History of Corrections In America Corrections in the Twentieth Century The Progressives The Positivist School The Medical Model Social deficiencies Psychological deficiencies Biological deficiencies Learning Objective Seven

The History of Corrections In America Corrections in the Twentieth Century The Community Model Civil rights movement War on poverty Vietnam War President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice Attica Learning Objectives Four, Seven and Eight

The History of Corrections In America Corrections in the Twentieth Century The Decline of Rehabilitation Public concern about rising crime rates Studies challenge treatment programs Martinson Correctional discretion Learning Objectives Four and Eight

The History of Corrections In America Corrections in the Twentieth Century The Emergence of Crime Control Determinate sentencing Incarceration Risk containment Intensive supervision probation Mandatory penalties Evidence-based corrections Learning Objective Four and Eight

The History of Corrections In America Where Are We Today? Billions in budget deficits Six times as many people incarcerated as in the 1970’s Learning Objective One

The Correctional Challenge Patterns Ideas Learn from history Learning Objective One