1. 13
Prison and Jails

2. Chapter Agenda
Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its impact on the modern philosophy of corrections
List major milestones in the historical development of prisons
Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons

3. Chapter Agenda
Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail administrators face
Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons

4. Learning Objective
Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its impact on the modern philosophy of corrections

5. History of Punishment Lex talionis Flogging Mutilation/amputation
Branding
Public humiliation
Exile
Workhouses

6. List major milestones in the historical development of prisons
Learning Objective
List major milestones in the historical development of prisons

7. Prisons and Jails Humanitarian alternative to corporal punishment
Earliest records of a prison are dated back to the middle ages
Incarceration became a primary form of sentence for the poor
Dr. Benjamin Rush, 1787

8. History of Prisons and Jails
The Pennsylvania System, 1790
The Auburn System, 1819
The Reformatory Movement, 1877
Industrial Era, 1890–1935
Punitive Era,
Treatment Era,
Community-based Treatment Era,
Warehousing Era,

9. Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons
Learning Objective
Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons

10. The State Prison System
Classification system
A system used by prison administrators to assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape, and other factors
Supermax security level
Maximum security level
Medium security level
Minimum security level

11. The Federal Prison System
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Over 80 different types of federal correctional facilities
Ranging from supermax prisons to minimum security prison farms

12. Learning Objective
Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail administrators face

13. The Just Desserts Era, 1995 - Present
A contemporary model of imprisonment in which the “just desserts” principle forms the underlying social philosophy
A return to punishment as the root purpose of imprisonment
Imprisonment seen as fully deserved consequence of crime
An emphasis on individual responsibility
A focus on limiting inmate privileges and increase the pains of imprisonment

14. State Prisons
One out of every four state institutions is a large, maximum security prison with a population approaching 1,000 inmates
Profile of prisoners
Low level of formal education
Socially disadvantaged background.
Lack of significant vocational skill.
Most have served time in a juvenile facility

15. Current Uses for Jails
Receive individuals pending arraignment and those awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing
Detain juveniles, mentally ill, and others pending transfer
Release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of their sentence

16. Current Uses for Jails
Transfer inmates to, or house inmates for, federal, state, or other authorities
Operate community-based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring, or other types of supervision
Readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders

17. Jails There are 3,365 jails operating in U.S.
Approximately 207,000 jail employees
Average cost is $15,000 per year/ per inmate
Most jails are designed to house 50 or fewer inmates
6% of the jails hold over 50% of the prisoners

18. Jails Los Angeles County jail is the largest jail in the U.S
2008 daily average population 22,349 inmates(87% capacity)
New York City jail is second largest
2008 daily average population of 19,554 inmates(71% capacity)
Los Angeles & New York City together held 5.33% of all jail inmates in 2008

19. Issues in Prisons Today
Pregnancy
Drug abuse
Overcrowding
Education level of inmates
Mental health issues

20. Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons
Learning Objective
Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons

21. Private Prisons Privatization
Prisons operated for state and federal government by private enterprise for profit
Numerous issues