Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation Dr. Afxendiou Sachem North High School

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION SOCIAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power of Europe Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable

Luther https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijjbtcAEOnY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4piapxaT0k

CONSEQUENCES Christian church in Europe is forever divided – end of unity EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX PROTESTANT CALVINIST ANGLICAN LUTHERAN ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST

Civil Wars in England, France and German States Religious Conflicts Civil Wars in England, France and German States French religious wars (1562-1598) Huguenots (French Protestants) vs. Catholics

Causes Humanism led people to question church authority Some clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gain Martin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgences The Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas Effects Many new Protestant churches develop Catholic Church began reforms Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase Religious conflicts spread across Europe

CONSEQUENCES Anglican Church formed by King Henry VIII

KING HENRY VIII A RADICAL REFORMER Originally he was against Luther and his stance against the Catholic Church But then… he wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon and the Pope said NO! Catholic religion does not permit divorce If the church was not going to give him a divorce he would just take over the church He became the head of the Church of England or the Anglican Church and broke away from the Pope’s control – another Protestant church!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

CONSEQUENCES The Counter-Reformation – the Catholic Church attempts to keep the faithful

Counter Reformation Council of Trent Reforms Jesuits Inquisition examined criticisms made by Protestants Addressed the abuses of the church: Corruption of the church Financial abuse was curbed Sale of indulgences was abolished Examined the teachings and beliefs of the Church Counter Reformation “Society of Jesus” founded by Ignatius of Loyola Renewed church’s emphasis of spirituality and service Missionary work Persecution of those challenging the teachings of the Catholic Church Persecution of Jews catalogue of forbidden books Jesuits Inquisition Establish schools Concentrated on education as a means of combating the Protestant Reformation

Review questions http://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?tes t_id=15422&title=Unit%2015%20%20Protestant%20Refor mation