1. Council of Trent Reforms
Counter Reformation
Missionary work
Ignatius of Loyola
Inquisition
Establish schools

2. Impact of the Reformation and Counter Reformation

3. Religious and Political Divisions
The Reformation created a loss of religious unity in W. Europe
Some countries became Protestant and others remained Catholic

4. Religious Conflicts Civil Wars in England, France and German States
French religious wars ( )
Huguenots (French Protestants) vs. Catholics

6. Religious Conflicts
Peasant Wars in German States inspired by Protestant challenges to authority
Treaty of Augsburg
Allowed German Princes to determine the religion of the people of his state

7. Religious Conflicts Spanish Catholics vs. English Protestants
Spanish armada defeated after attempting to invade England

8. Religious Conflicts Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
War that began in German States as a Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire
Treaty of Westphalia
Treaty ending the war
Provided religious toleration to Protestants and Catholics within the Holy Roman Empire

11. Anti- Semitism Reformation increased anti-Semitism in Europe
persecution of Jews in both Catholic and Protestant countries
Were forced to live in separate neighborhoods
Ghettos

12. Witch Hunts
Strong religious feelings led people to accuse others of being witches
Led to deaths of accused people
Often were women

14. Decline of Catholic Church Power
Individual monarchs and states gained power as Church power declined
Paved the way for the rise of nation-states

15. Causes
Humanism led people to question church authority
Some clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gain
Martin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgences
The Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas
Effects
Many new Protestant churches develop
Catholic Church began reforms
Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase
Religious conflicts spread across Europe

16. Social Changes Effect on the Renaissance Effect on the Reformation
Humanism; Art celebrates individual expression
Growing emphasis on individual
Individuals interpret the Bible themselves
Merchants sponsor artists to beautify cities
Growing prosperity of merchants
German merchants resent flow of money to Church in Rome
Rulers sponsor artists and philosophers
Decline of feudalism and growth of power of kings and princes
Rulers defy Pope and become Protestant
Political, social, and artistic theories spread
Printing press and spread of learning
Luther’s ideas spread;
Bibles printed in vernacular