TOPIC: Nutrition AIM: What nutrients are needed by the human body?

Nutrition Process in which organisms take in materials from the environment to be used by the body Food = provides energy 2 types:

1. Heterotrophic nutrition = organism cannot make it’s own food Involves ingestion, digestion, and egestion Example – humans

Ingest food = take it in (eat)

Digest food = break it down

Egestion = removing undigested food

2. Autotrophic nutrition = organisms make their own food PLANTS= photosynthesis

What are nutrients? Substances in foods Provide energy & materials for life processes

6 nutrients needed by the body

1. Carbohydrates Main source of energy

Simple carbohydrates = sugars (Fruits, honey, milk)

Complex carbohydrates = starches & fiber (bread, pasta, potatoes)

Fiber = can’t be digested Keeps digestive system running smoothly

For replacement & repair of body cells Growth 2. Proteins

Made of amino acids Body needs 20 amino acids Most made in the body, 8 are not

Provide energy (storage/ secondary source) Fats Provide energy (storage/ secondary source) b. Help body absorb vitamins 3. Lipids

c. Cushion & support organs d. Insulate against heat loss

Unsaturated fats = liquid at room temp

Saturated fats = solid at room temp Contribute to cholesterol

Use 14 of them 4. Minerals For normal functioning Calcium, phosphorus, iodine… 4. Minerals

For normal functioning Micronutrients = Needed in small amounts Found in most foods, some made in the body 5. Vitamins

a. Needed for chemical reactions 6. Water

b. Found in & around cells c. 60% of the body is made of water Inside cells Inside cells Around cells

d. Makes up blood (for carrying materials)

e. Maintains body temperature

How is energy measured in food? Calories

Food Groups Groups of foods classified by nutrients

5 groups: 1. bread & cereal (carbs)

2. Vegetable (vitamins, minerals, fiber)

3. Fruit (vitamins, minerals, fiber, sugar)

4. Milk / Dairy (Calcium & vitamins)

5. Meat (Protein & iron)

Food Pyramid System that helps people select foods that supply all nutrients needed for energy & growth

Shows 5 food groups

Oil & fats = not a food group (you do need a small amount)

Food label Displays nutritional facts