US History-Exploration & Colonization US History Unit 1

Colonization Exploration- The action of exploring an unfamiliar area. Colonization-The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.

Reasons for European Colonization England Religious Freedom-Escape religious persecution Cheap Land- Second, third fourth etc. sons left England for economic opportunity Power-Gain more land, wealth and resources for the mother country Spain Gold-Wealth God-Spread Catholicism Glory-Expand the power and wealth of Spain France Fur- gain wealth through the fur trade Co-habitation- live with native Americans & did not create large permanent settlements Did not attempt to convert native Americans

Jamestown-1607 First permanent English colony in North America (founded in 1607) Colonist left England to gain wealth. First they looked for gold but found none. Warm Climate & fertile soil. Settlers began to grow tobacco. First Representative government: The Virginia House of Burgesses. Founded in Virginia

Plymouth-1620 Puritans left England due to religious persecution. Founded in 1620. The colony was founded primary for religious freedom not for economic gain. First self-government: (Mayflower Compact 1620) It was difficult to survive in Plymouth but with Native American assistance, the colonist were able to survive. Founded in Massachusetts.

Three Colonial Regions New England- Cold climate, rocky soil, short growing season fishing, shipbuilding, trading Middle Colonies- Warm climate, fertile soil long growing season grew food for the colonies, trading Southern Colonies- Hot climate, fertile soil contentious growing season grew cash crops, plantation system

Colonial Economic Systems Mercantilism – An economic theory where the mother country (Europe) bought raw materials from their colonies and sold finished goods to the same colonies for a large profit. Free Enterprise- An economic theory where private businesses are able to operate outside state control. Plantation System- Large farms in the southern colonies that grew cash crops through the use of slave labor. Transatlantic Slave Trade- A Part of the mercantilism. Slaves were transported from Africa to America.

Documents of Self Government The growth of representative government is directly related to the distance between the colonies and England. The colonists needed to make their own laws and define the structures that would maintain peace and order. Many colonies were self-governing and the community elected their peers to serve on general assemblies (law making bodies). The role of these assemblies will also influence later developments in the growth of the government of the United States. The concept of self-government during the colonial era greatly impacts the basis of the national government today.

Documents of Self Government Magna Carta-Limited the power of the King through a constitution English Bill of Rights- Protected the right of Englishmen from the abuses of the King Mayflower Compact- First form of self government in the American colonies Virginia House of Burgesses- First representative government in the American colonies Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- First written constitution in the American colonies

Theories of Self Government Thomas Hooker- Was a primary author of the fundamental orders of Connecticut Charles de Montesquieu- He created the theory of Separation of Powers. He believed that the powers were divided into the executive, the judicial and the legislative. John Locke- Created the theory of Unalienable Rights. All had the right to life, liberty and property. These rights were granted to u by God and could not be taken away. William Blackstone- He summarized English common law in a way that all could understand it. William Penn- Allowed anyone in his colony of Pennsylvania, Quakers supported religious freedom & opposed slavery George Calvert- Created the Maryland colony which was a haven for catholic immigrants Anne Hutchinson- Was exiled from the Massachusetts bay colony due to her religious teachings