Cornell Notes: Unit 1 Chapters 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

I. Thinking like a historian (1.1) A. The Historian -A person who studies and writes about the people and events of the past -Find out how people lived I. Thinking like a historian (1.1)

B. Tools for Measuring Time -Calendars: a system for breaking time into units and keeping track of those units -Timelines: most interested in chronology: the order in which events happen -Ability to analyze resources -Primary Source: descriptions/pictures of an event by someone who saw or lived through it -Secondary Source: come from people who were not present for the event -Always ask… 1. Who created the source? 2. Why was the source created? (what was its purpose and its intended audience?) 3. What is the source about? 4. Where was the source created? 5. When was the source created?

Primary or Secondary? Newspaper from August 18, 1920 after the passing of the 19th Amendment

Primary or Secondary? Textbooks

Primary or Secondary? Biopic: John Adams

Primary or Secondary? News Interview

Primary or Secondary? Tom Riddle’s Diary

Primary or Secondary? The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill By: John Trumbull

Primary or Secondary? Pete Souza White House Photographer

Primary or Secondary? Alexander Hamilton By: Ron Chernow The Biography that inspired Hamilton the musical

Primary or Secondary? Native American artifacts

Primary or Secondary? When Johnny Comes Marching Home 1863

C. Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs -Display information 1. Charts: facts & numbers – ex: a table arranges data especially in numbers 2. Diagrams: show steps in a process 3. Graphs: present numbers visually – ex: circle graph, bar graph, line graph

Chart, diagram, or Graph?

Chart, diagram, or Graph?

Chart, diagram, or Graph?

Chart, diagram, or Graph?

Chart, diagram, or Graph?

D. Critical Thinking Skills 1. Cause and effect 2. Predicting consequences 3. Distinguishing fact from opinion 4. Drawing inferences and conclusions 5. Making comparisons

II. Geography (1.2) A. Geography is… 1. Location: where something is; ex: Tallahassee, FL is 30°25’ N latitude and 84°17’ W longitude 2. Place: explores physical and human features that make a city/state/country unique 3. Regions: areas that share common features; ex: New England is a collection of states in the northeastern U.S. 4. Movement: explains how and why people/things/ideas move 5. Human-Environment Interaction: the relationship between people and their environments; ex: Native Americas using materials from the land to survive

B. Maps and Globes -Globe: a round model of the Earth -Map: a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth’s surface

C. Types of Maps -Physical Maps: show landforms and water features -Landforms = natural features on Earth (deserts, mountains, plains, or plateaus) -Relief = ups and downs of the Earth’s surface -Elevation = the height of an area above sea level -Political Maps: show the names and political boarders of a place as well as human made features, such as cities and transportation routes -Special Purpose Maps: presents specific types of information – usually show themes, patterns, or emphasis on a specific subject

PHYSICAL, POLITICAL, or SPECIAL?

PHYSICAL, POLITICAL, or SPECIAL?

PHYSICAL, POLITICAL, or SPECIAL?

PHYSICAL, POLITICAL, or SPECIAL?

D. The Elements of Geography 1. The World in Spatial Terms 2. Places and Regions 3. Physical Systems 4. Human Systems 5. Environment and Society 6. The Uses of Geography

III. economics (1.3) A. Economics = the study of how people and nations make choices to fill their needs and wants -TYPICALLY deals with $ in some way

B. Scarcity of Choice -A good is a thing bought -A service a thing people do for one another -Producers = the providers of goods and services -Consumers = the people who buy the goods and services

-Scarcity = there are not enough resources to produce -Scarcity = there are not enough resources to produce everything people want and need and because of that people & societies must make choices about how to use resources -They must decide: 1. What to produce 2. How to produce 3. For whom to produce

C. The Cost of Choice -Opportunity Cost = the chance you pass up when you make a choice

D. Factors of Production -The factors of production include land, labor, and capital -Capital = human-made goods and services -Entrepreneurs = a person who organizes and manages a business

E. Market Economy v. National Economy -Economic systems explain the ways people produce and trade goods & services -Market Economy = buyers and sellers freely choose to buy or make whatever they want with little govt involvement -Freedom leads to competition -Producers win customers by making a good product at lower prices than others -Supply: the amount of a good or service available at a certain price -Demand: how much consumers will buy at a certain price -Price is affect by supply & demand

EXAMPLE: A video game company makes 10,000 copies of its newest game. Thinks they can sell 10,000 at $50 a piece. The game sells out quickly. The company decides to make 5,000 more - $60 a piece. Only 3,000 copies sell. To sell the rest, the company cuts its price to $55. This is where supply and demand have met.

F. National Economy -Free Enterprise System = The American Economy = individuals are free to control and own the means of production -SOME govt regulation -Laws protect consumers from unfair/unsafe business practices and prevent businesses from becoming monopolies -Consumers control businesses through their buying decisions

G. International Economy -International Trade = exchange of goods and services across international borders -Every country IMPORTS & EXPORTS goods & services -Voluntary exchange -Specialization = nations use their scarce resources to focus on those things they can produce well -Trade Barriers 1. Tariff: a tax on imports 2. Import quota: restricts the number of a product allowed into a country 3. Embargo: bans the import or export of a good