1. Ch. 1 - Exploring Social Studies

2. Lesson 1 – Thinking Like a Historian Bell Ringer Complete the scavenger hunt on Pg. 1 of your textbooks to familiarize yourself with how to use this resource. Bell Ringer Complete the scavenger hunt on Pg. 1 of your textbooks to familiarize yourself with how to use this resource.

3. Lesson 1 Road Map  Essential Question: Why is history important?  Guiding Questions:  Why do we study history?  What tools do we use to measure time?  What is a primary source?  What types of thinking skills does a historian need?  Essential Question: Why is history important?  Guiding Questions:  Why do we study history?  What tools do we use to measure time?  What is a primary source?  What types of thinking skills does a historian need?

4. Why study history?  To explain what happened in the past  Helps understand the present  Helps make choices about the future  To explain what happened in the past  Helps understand the present  Helps make choices about the future

5. What does a historian do?  Studies and writes about people/events of the past  Looks for causes and effects  Use tools to research and organize information  Studies and writes about people/events of the past  Looks for causes and effects  Use tools to research and organize information

6. Measuring Time  Calendar – a system for breaking time into units and keeping track of those units  BC – before Christ (counts backwards)  AD – anno domini, “in the year of our lord” (counts forwards)  Time Lines – a diagram showing order of events during a period of time  Chronology – the order in which events happened  Calendar – a system for breaking time into units and keeping track of those units  BC – before Christ (counts backwards)  AD – anno domini, “in the year of our lord” (counts forwards)  Time Lines – a diagram showing order of events during a period of time  Chronology – the order in which events happened

7. Analyzing Sources  Primary Sources – pictures or descriptions of events by people who lived through them  Secondary Sources – written about historical events after they happened  Primary Sources – pictures or descriptions of events by people who lived through them  Secondary Sources – written about historical events after they happened

8. Analyzing Sources  A.P.H.I.T.S.  Author’s Purpose – Why did they create the source?  Point of View – Who is the author? (gender, race, location, etc.)  Historical Context – What was going on at the time?  Intended Audience – Who is the author was speaking to?  Thesis – What is the main idea of the source?  Significance – Why is the source important to history?  A.P.H.I.T.S.  Author’s Purpose – Why did they create the source?  Point of View – Who is the author? (gender, race, location, etc.)  Historical Context – What was going on at the time?  Intended Audience – Who is the author was speaking to?  Thesis – What is the main idea of the source?  Significance – Why is the source important to history?

9. Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs  Charts – present facts and numbers in an organized way, summarize ideas  Diagrams – drawings that show steps in a process, parts of an object, or how something works  Graphs – present numbers visually (bar, line, and circle)  Charts – present facts and numbers in an organized way, summarize ideas  Diagrams – drawings that show steps in a process, parts of an object, or how something works  Graphs – present numbers visually (bar, line, and circle)

10. Critical Thinking Skills  Cause and Effect – one thing leads to another, and why?  Predicting Consequences – looking at previous causes/effects to predict future effects  Distinguishing Fact from Opinion  Fact – based on actual events  Opinions – based on judgements/beliefs (I believe.. should, best, worst, greatest)  Drawing Inferences and Conclusions  Inference – figuring something out that isn’t stated directly  Conclusion – an understanding based on what you read/heard  Cause and Effect – one thing leads to another, and why?  Predicting Consequences – looking at previous causes/effects to predict future effects  Distinguishing Fact from Opinion  Fact – based on actual events  Opinions – based on judgements/beliefs (I believe.. should, best, worst, greatest)  Drawing Inferences and Conclusions  Inference – figuring something out that isn’t stated directly  Conclusion – an understanding based on what you read/heard

11. Group Activity Analyze the following quote using the APHITS method: “We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights… We still creep at a horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say “Wait…Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away.” -- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 1963 Analyze the following quote using the APHITS method: “We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights… We still creep at a horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say “Wait…Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away.” -- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 1963

12. Lesson 2 – Studying Geography Bell Ringer What is the difference between a primary and secondary source? Give an example of each. Bell Ringer What is the difference between a primary and secondary source? Give an example of each.

13. Lesson 2 Road Map  Essential Question: How does geography influence the way we live?  Guiding Questions:  What are the five themes of geography?  What stories do maps and globes tell?  What are six essential elements of geography?  Essential Question: How does geography influence the way we live?  Guiding Questions:  What are the five themes of geography?  What stories do maps and globes tell?  What are six essential elements of geography?

14. What is Geography?  The study of earth and its people  Five Themes:  Location  Place  Regions  Movement  Human-environment interaction  The study of earth and its people  Five Themes:  Location  Place  Regions  Movement  Human-environment interaction

15. Maps and Globes  Globe – a round model of the Earth  Shows shapes and sizes accurately  Map – a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth’s surface  Shows inaccurate shapes and sizes  Globe – a round model of the Earth  Shows shapes and sizes accurately  Map – a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth’s surface  Shows inaccurate shapes and sizes

16. Maps and Globes (continued)  Parts of Maps  Title. Key, Compass Rose, Scale Bar  Types of Maps  Physical – shows landforms and water features  Political – shows names and borders of places  Special Purpose – shows themes or patterns  Parts of Maps  Title. Key, Compass Rose, Scale Bar  Types of Maps  Physical – shows landforms and water features  Political – shows names and borders of places  Special Purpose – shows themes or patterns

17. Elements of Geography  Location  Absolute – exact position on the Earth’s surface  Relative – where a place is compared to another place  Places and Regions  Place – characteristics that make a location unique  Region – an area where places share similar characteristics  Location  Absolute – exact position on the Earth’s surface  Relative – where a place is compared to another place  Places and Regions  Place – characteristics that make a location unique  Region – an area where places share similar characteristics

18. Elements of Geography (continued)  Physical Systems  Forces that create weather (wind, snow, rain, storms)  Affect where and how humans live  Ecosystem – a community of living things and their surroundings  Human Systems  Different cultures  Interactions with each other  Movement  Physical Systems  Forces that create weather (wind, snow, rain, storms)  Affect where and how humans live  Ecosystem – a community of living things and their surroundings  Human Systems  Different cultures  Interactions with each other  Movement

19. Elements of Geography (continued)  Environment and Society - the relationship between people and their surroundings  Roads, buildings, houses, etc  Uses of Geography – helps us understand the relationship between people, places, and the environment  Environment and Society - the relationship between people and their surroundings  Roads, buildings, houses, etc  Uses of Geography – helps us understand the relationship between people, places, and the environment

20. Group Activity Visual Literacy Analyze the painting on page 36. Answer the following questions: What can you tell about the time it was painted? What part of the world do you think the figures come from, and how can you tell? How would you describe the attitude or mood of the figures? Visual Literacy Analyze the painting on page 36. Answer the following questions: What can you tell about the time it was painted? What part of the world do you think the figures come from, and how can you tell? How would you describe the attitude or mood of the figures?

21. Lesson 3 – Studying Economics Bell Ringer How do physical systems affect humans? Bell Ringer How do physical systems affect humans?

22. Lesson 3 Road Map  Essential Question: Why do people make economic choices?  Guiding Questions:  What makes up an economy?  How do people decide what to produce?  What determines the strength or weakness of a nation’s economy?  How do nations trade with each other?  What influences how you make your economic decisions?  Essential Question: Why do people make economic choices?  Guiding Questions:  What makes up an economy?  How do people decide what to produce?  What determines the strength or weakness of a nation’s economy?  How do nations trade with each other?  What influences how you make your economic decisions?

23. What Is Economics?  The study of:  How people and nations use scarce resources to produce what they need and want  How things are made, bought, sold, and used  The study of:  How people and nations use scarce resources to produce what they need and want  How things are made, bought, sold, and used

24. What Is Economics? (continued)  Goods – things that people buy  Services – things that people do for one another  Scarcity – not enough resources to produce EVERYTHING people want and need, so they must choose:  What to produce  How to produce  Who to produce for  Goods – things that people buy  Services – things that people do for one another  Scarcity – not enough resources to produce EVERYTHING people want and need, so they must choose:  What to produce  How to produce  Who to produce for

25. What Is Economics? (continued)  Opportunity Cost – the chance you pass up when you make a choice  Factors of production – resources needed to produce goods and services  Land – natural resources  Labor – workforce  Capital – man made goods used for production  Opportunity Cost – the chance you pass up when you make a choice  Factors of production – resources needed to produce goods and services  Land – natural resources  Labor – workforce  Capital – man made goods used for production

26. Market Economy  Used by the United States  Buyers and sellers choose freely what to buy and what to make  Competition – sellers try to win customers, buyers look for the best deals  Keeps prices down and quality high  Supply – the amount of a good or service available  Demand – how much consumers will buy  Used by the United States  Buyers and sellers choose freely what to buy and what to make  Competition – sellers try to win customers, buyers look for the best deals  Keeps prices down and quality high  Supply – the amount of a good or service available  Demand – how much consumers will buy

27. National Economy  Governments regulate the economy  Laws protect consumers  Prevent monopolies  Profit – amount left over after all expenses are paid  motivates people to produce goods or services  Governments regulate the economy  Laws protect consumers  Prevent monopolies  Profit – amount left over after all expenses are paid  motivates people to produce goods or services

28. International Economy  International Trade – exchange of goods or services across national borders  no country produces all of what they need  Import – to buy from another country  Export – to sell to another country  Specialization – countries focus on good/services they can produce well  International Trade – exchange of goods or services across national borders  no country produces all of what they need  Import – to buy from another country  Export – to sell to another country  Specialization – countries focus on good/services they can produce well

29. Group Activity Answer the following questions using the maps on pages 16-17: 1.What areas of the country do you see the highest population density? 2.What is the relative location of Tampa compared to Pensacola? 3.What symbols are used on the Political Map of Florida? 4.What is the relative location of the state capital of Florida compared to Miami? 5.What is the elevation of the Everglades? 6.Approximately how many miles do the Florida Keys stretch? 7.What body of water lies to the west of Florida? Answer the following questions using the maps on pages 16-17: 1.What areas of the country do you see the highest population density? 2.What is the relative location of Tampa compared to Pensacola? 3.What symbols are used on the Political Map of Florida? 4.What is the relative location of the state capital of Florida compared to Miami? 5.What is the elevation of the Everglades? 6.Approximately how many miles do the Florida Keys stretch? 7.What body of water lies to the west of Florida?