Warm Up What is this animal? How is it created? Video

Selective Breeding Selective breeding – the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as the parents of the next generation Inbreeding – parents have same traits Hybridization – parents have different traits

Portrait of a Dog English Bulldog Greyhound Short & stocky Under-bite Bred for “blood sports” Tall & slender Sleek; built for speed Bred as a hunting dog

Selective Breeding in Dogs Although the bulldog and greyhound are different breeds, they are members of the same species. Species – a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring For thousands of years, humans have selectively bred dogs for certain traits and with specific tasks in mind. Humans have developed more than 100 different dog breeds!

Inbreeding Inbreeding – crossing two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles (Same traits) Offspring are very similar to the parents Goal: produce organisms with specific traits Ex: horses bred for speed, purebred dogs Increases the probability of inheriting genetic disorders b/c no new alleles are introduced Ex: hip dysplasia in many breeds of dogs

Hybridization Hybridization – cross two genetically different individuals Goal: best traits of both parents Ex: crops bred for disease resistance, hybrid dog breeds (ex: Labradoodles)

Zebra + Horse = Zorse

“Mixed-Up Species” What is a hybrid? A cross between two genetically different individuals What are some examples of hybrid organisms? Zedonk, beefalo, liger, mule, grolar bear

Warm Up (# 1 of 3) A scientist crossed a purebred long-winged male fruit fly with a purebred short-winged fruit fly. Long wings are dominant over short wings. What is the probability that the offspring will have long wings? 25% 50% 75% 100%

Warm up What is a danger of excessive inbreeding in animals such as dogs? It increases the likelihood of inheriting two recessive alleles for a disorder. It introduces new and unexpected traits into a population. It produces a population of dogs that cannot reproduce. It results in fewer numbers of offspring over time.

Warm up A scientist crossed potato plants to combine the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another. He used the process of inbreeding. crop rotation. hybridization. cloning.

“Let’s Mix It Up”

“Let’s Mix It Up”

“Let’s Mix It Up” Activity Each group will receive a set of cards. You will create 11 hybrids using similar organisms. One side will show the name of the organism. The other side of the cards will show the habitat and traits of the parents. Using the information, you will make inferences to answer the following: What is the habitat of the hybrid organism? What traits will be magnified (enhanced) in the hybrid? What traits will disappear in the hybrid? Fill in your graphic organizer for each hybrid.

Graphic Organizer

“Let’s Mix It Up” Mule Grolar Bear Horse x Donkey Grizzly bear x Polar bear

“Let’s Mix It Up” Hybrid Iguana Geep Land iguana x Marine iguana Goat x Sheep

“Let’s Mix It Up” Wholphin Cama Killer whale x Bottlenose dolphin Camel x Llama

“Let’s Mix It Up” Limequat Peppermint Lime x Kumquat Spearmint x Watermint

“Let’s Mix It Up” Pluot Loganberry Plum x Apricot Raspberry x Blackberry

“Let’s Mix It Up” Beefalo

Summary:

Research Research at least four examples of a hybrid fruit and/or vegetable: Name of Hybrid Parent #1 Traits & Benefits Parent #2

Selective Breeding Advertisement Select one of the hybrid foods from your chart. Design an advertisement that informs the consumer about your hybrid food. Be sure to include information about what makes your hybrid desirable? Why should I buy it? You must include a minimum of three desirable traits.

Warm Up A plant breeder crosses a short plant with pink flowers with a tall plant with white flowers. Over several generations, the breeder uses a computer to track the height and flower colors. Eventually, the breeder produces a crop of tall plants with pink flowers. This process is known as Cloning. Inbreeding. Hybridization. Genetic engineering.

Foldable: Take out the “Advances in Genetics” graphic organizer (TOC #55):

Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering - genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism Aka: Gene splicing Used to produce medicines & improve food crops May cure human genetic disorders

Cloning Clone – organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. Has the exact same genes as the organism from which it was produced. Plants Can clone from a cutting BrainPop Video: Cloning

Cloning Animals BrainPop Video: Dolly the Sheep Ex: Dolly, the sheep Removed the egg cell from one sheep Replaced the cell’s nucleus with the nucleus from a body cell from a 2nd sheep Implanted the egg into the uterus of a 3rd sheep BrainPop Video: Dolly the Sheep Cloning Mimi Activity (get handout from me): http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/

DNA Fingerprinting NOVA Online | Killer's Trail | It Takes a Lickin‘ DNA can be used to identify people No two people, except identical twins, have the same DNA Often used to solve crimes Complete this activity – link above. See me for a copy of the handout.

Human Genome Project Genome - all the DNA in one cell of an organism It is estimated that the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans contain about 3 billion DNA base pairs – or about 30,000 to 35,000 genes! The main goal of the Human Genome Project is to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome.