Prefixes Root Suffixes Eu = True Pro = before Homo = same Macro = large Uni = one Multi = many Chloro = green Cyto = Cell Karya = nucleus Sphere = Round Suffixes -ism = state or condition -sphere = Round -elle = small -phyll = leaf -cyte = cell

Characteristics of Life What are the characteristics that all living organisms share? Created by Coach Blocker Schley County Middle School Ellaville, Georgia

All living organisms are ORGANIZED Organisms are organized in two ways: Chemical Structure Cell Structure

All Organisms Have A Similiar Chemical Structure Chemical - a substance, such as an element or compound, that is made by a chemical process. Element - atoms of only one kind and that cannot be separated by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances. Compound – two or more elements chemically combined. Two types: Inorganic compounds – compounds that do not contain carbon atoms. (H2O) Organic compounds – any compound containing carbon atoms. (C6H12O6). Four types: Proteins (made of amino acids), Carbohydrates (sugars/starches), Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), and Lipids (Fats/oils/waxes)

All Organisms Have an Organized Cell Structure Cells – The basic units of all organisms that carry out the functions of life. * Unicellular – consisting of only one cell. Bacteria and protists * Multi-cellular – consisting of two or more cells. Animals, Plants, and Fungi animal cell plant cell

All Organisms Respond To A Stimulus Respond to internal and external changes Stimulus – any factor that directly influences the activity of a living organism. Homeostasis - Any self-regulating process by which a biological or mechanical system maintains stability while adjusting to changing conditions. Adaptation - the process of changing to fit some purpose or situation. Which way did they go!

All Organisms Take In And Use Energy Metabolism - the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and new material is assimilated. Two types: Anabolism – The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue. Catabolism – the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy. Eat, Digest and Elimination of waste Autotrophs – self feeders, Producers Photosynthesis – Creation of food from light energy. Photo = light Synthesis = building Heterotrophs – Other feeders, Consumers Cellular respiration – break down of carbohydrates and lipids to release energy. (ATP) Chloroplast Mitochondria

All Organisms Grow and Develop Organisms change during their Life Span Life Span – The time between birth and death of an organism. Grow – the organism becomes larger in size. Unicellular organisms – increase their cell size Multi-cellular organisms – increase their cell number Develop – means to mature, become more complex Gain the ability to perform more difficult task Such as reproduction

All Organisms Can Reproduce Reproduction - the process of producing new organisms of the same type. Two types: Asexual Reproduction A single parent organism reproducing by itself Sexual Reproduction Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

The Major Characteristic of All Organisms All organisms are organized of similar chemicals All organisms have an organized cell structure All organisms respond to a stimulus to maintain homeostasis All organisms take in and use energy All organisms grow and develop All organisms reproduce

Don’t be a Dodo… Ask Questions!!

Elements Three parts of an atom: Protons – positive charge Neutrons – No charge Electrons – Negative charge Other elements w/ symbols: Hydrogen H Oxygen O Nitrogen N Carbon’s chemical symbol is C

Compounds H2O The chemical formula for water is: Water is an compound that has two hydrogen atoms (H2) bonded to one oxygen atom (O). The chemical formula for glucose is: Molecule – the smallest particle of a compound that retains all the properties of the substance.