How is your body like a machine? Body Systems How is your body like a machine?

Let’s think back…. Why do all the body systems work together? See if the students know the answer…You may point out a few systems and see if they know the major functions of them.

To maintain homeostasis! Review homeostasis - maintaining an internal balance in living organisms. All body systems must work together for this to happen.

Four major themes 1. feedback loops 2. structure and function 3. division of labor 4. interdependence of organ systems

SKELETAL SYSTEM What are the functions? -movement -structural support -produces red and white blood cells -movement -structural support -provide minerals What other systems are involved? You have to click to bring in each text box. Ask the function question first, see what responses you get. Red and white blood cells are found in the marrow. Movement is done with muscles. Our skeleton is internal. Are all “skeletons” internal? Other system involved – muscular (movement), immune (red and white blood cells), -muscular -immune circulatory

MUSCULAR SYSTEM What are the functions? -movement (body parts, digestion, circulation) What other systems does it involve? You might ask them again what organic compound you find in large amounts in muscles. – protein Other systems involved – skeletal (movement), digestive (movement of food), circulatory (moving oxygen to muscles) -Skeletal -Nervous -Digestive -Circulatory

Muscle Types SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC The names of the muscle types come in individually when you hit return. Go through with the students how to identify the different types. (Ex: skeletal is striated and multi-nucleated) SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC

How do you bend your elbow? To what are muscles attached? The bicep muscle contracts, causing the elbow to bend. The tricep muscle contracts, causing the elbow to straighten. Muscles are attached to bone by ligaments. Show where the bicep and tricep muscles are in an arm. This works similar to a simple machine – lever. This works similar to what simple machine?

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Helps protect the body from disease Collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM What are the functions? protect body from disease contains white blood cells, antibodies and lymph Do not need to go into much detail here – will do that during microorganism unit.

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Function System Protection/Barrier Immune Protect Against Dehydration Excretory Cutaneous Sensation Nervous Each function comes in individually when you hit return. This slide correlates with a question on the Scavenger Hunt/Making Bodies. This is showing how the functions of the integumentary correlate with other systems. Regulate Body Temp Excretory Excrete Sweat, Gases Excretory

Integumentary Hair Epidermis Sebaceous Gland Dermis Sweat Gland Parts of the integumentary system. Each part comes in individually when you hit return. Sweat Gland

How does skin vary in different organisms? Skin variations – hair, fur, scales, thick, thin, moist, dry Ask the skin type of each of each organism. How is their structure related to their function?

NERVOUS SYSTEM What are the functions? Dendrite Nucleus What are the functions? Cell body Respond to internal and external stimuli Axon How does the nervous system work? Arrows on diagram show the direction of a nerve impulse being transmitted What other systems are involved? all

The Brain Brain Stem Cerebrum Hypothalamus Cerebellum Parts of the brain. Discuss functions. Hypothalamus Cerebellum Brain Stem

EXCRETORY What are the functions? Detoxifies blood Urea, water, salts, excess glucose, excess protein What other systems are involved? What substance is made from detoxified blood? Circulatory

Excretory Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra Blood Urine The arrows follow the path of blood through the kidneys, then urine. Bladder Urethra

REPRODUCTIVE What are the functions? What other systems are involved? produce gametes produce hormones secondary sex characteristics What other systems are involved? Keep the discussion of the parts of this system to a minimum – ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, testes. Endocrine

Reproductive Ovary Fallopian Tube Uterus Testes Parts of the reproductive system. Discuss the hormones that are produced. Testes

ENDOCRINE What are the functions? -produce hormones -deliver chemical messages through the body What other systems are involved? Discuss the generalized function of the endocrine system, not specifics. nervous circulatory

Endocrine Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas On each gland, or part of the brain, discuss in general what it does. Review fight-or-flight and diabetes (on Scavenger Hunt/Making Bodies)

Remember feedback loops? Hypothalamus (Brain) Production Stimulated Production Inhibited Releasing hormone Release-inhibiting hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Thyroid Gland Low thyroid hormone level High thyroid hormone level Review feedback loops: Sensors in the brain detect a problem (a stimulus) The brain sends out a message to correct the problem Your body responds to correct the problem (the response) The brain detects when the body reaches the "set point" and stops sending the message The endocrine system is full of them! The thyroid hormones regulate cellular metabolic rates through a feedback mechanism. Low concentrations of the thyroid hormones stimulate production and secretion of TSH – releasing hormone from the hypothalamus; high concentrations inhibit TSH – releasing hormone but stimulate TSH release – inhibiting hormone.

CIRCULATORY What are the functions? transport: -gases -fluids -waste products -nutrients -hormones What other systems are involved? Do not need to know the pathway of blood through the heart. Need to know the function of gas exchange. Excretory Respiratory Endocrine

Circulatory Capillary Aorta (Artery) Heart Vein Parts of the circulatory system. Discuss the difference between arteries of veins, only referring to gases. Discuss function of capillaries. Vein

RESPIRATORY What are the functions? -exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the blood, air and tissues What other systems are involved? Relate circulatory to respiratory system. Circulatory

Respiratory Where does gas exchange take place? Alveoli Trachea Bronchi/ Bronchioles Lungs Parts of the respiratory system. Discuss surface area of alveoli during gas exchange. Diaphragm

DIGESTIVE What are the functions? to break down food into smaller particles with the help of enzymes so it can be absorbed and used by cells. What other systems are involved? Discuss the function of the system. Circulatory Nervous

Digestive Salivary Glands Mouth Esophagus Stomach Liver Pancreas Parts of the digestive system. Include peristalsis here. Liver Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum

Digestive What substances help break down the food that you eat? ENZYMES Compound Enzyme Monomer Starch Amylase Monosaccharide Fatty Acids/ Glycerol Lipids Bile/Lipase Discussion of enzymes. Proteins Protease Amino Acids

Digestive Follow the path of food during digestion. Where is food mechanically digested? Chemically digested? Go through the pathway of food. Enter to show each arrow.