Reform and Radical Movements Socialism A variety of forms Marxism Karl Marx Wrote Communist Manifesto with Engels Proletariat against bourgeoisie Communism Marx and Religion

Reform and Radical Movements Popular Movements Women’s Suffrage The right to vote Temperance Movement Temperance: Drinking in moderation Abstinence: No drinking of alcohol Britain America

Reform and Radical Movements Reform in Western Europe Britain Economic: Shift toward free trade Corn Laws Political and voting reforms: Reform Bill of 1832 Reform Act of 1867 Parliament Bill of 1911

Reform and Radical Movements Reform in Western Europe France Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Elected as president of Second Republic Declared himself president for life Emperor Napoleon III Established Second Empire Growth in several areas Third Republic deposed Napoleon III

Reform and Radical Movements Jews in Europe Anti-Semitism Germany France Dreyfus Affair Russia Pogroms

Changes in Culture and Education Romanticism First half of 19th century Emphasized emotion rather than reason Realism Second half of 19th century Portrayal of everyday life Literature Visual arts

Changes in Culture and Education Britain Sunday school movement Public school system began in 1833 Germany Free primary education for all children France

Progress in Science and Technology James Clerk Maxwell Louis Pasteur Pasteurization Debunked spontaneous generation Charles Darwin Evolutionary theory Origin of Species The Descent of Man

Progress in Science and Technology Transportation Railroad Steamship Internal Combustion Engine Flight Communication Telegraph Telephone

Changes in Latin America and Canada In the Region as a Whole Successes Failures In Mexico Economic and political instability Porfirio Diaz Mexico became prosperous for a time Overthrow and civil war

Changes in Latin America and Canada Nation Building British North America Act Self-Government