1. People of the 2nd I.R. Thomas Edison Alexander Graham Bell
Electricity was developed in the 1870’s which led to many inventions
T.E. invented the Light Bulb in 1879
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone in 1876
Changed communication from telegrams and letters to an instant voice/hearing form

2. People of the 2nd I.R. Karl Marx (German)
Wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848 which was addressing social problems beginning with conditions in factories.
He also outlined a new form of society of total equality
It wasn’t until 1917 when Russia became the first powerful nation to become Communist

3. Social Structure
Money is now being made in factories and by investing in markets and banks
This means people can move up (and down) in the new classes
Elite- made up of Bankers, Merchants, and Industrialists (these people owned and invested in large companies or large banks
Middle Class- made up of doctors, lawyers, small business owners (these people could easily move up to the elite class)
Working Class- made up of laborers and factory workers (these people had a hard time moving up in class but had a steady income)

4. Feminism Movement for women’s rights
Women were now able to work which meant they had some money
Now they wanted to vote
1890 the state of Wyoming allowed women to vote first
1920 the U.S. passed a law saying women could vote

5. Western Europe & Politics
France was the main democratic nation in Europe
They had a Prime Minister and an elected Legislative body
Other nations had Partial democracy (usually an elected legislature)
Russia- Duma made laws for Russia
Great Britain- had a two house legislature- Parliament that made laws
Italy- Granted universal male suffrage in 1912
Germany’s military leader, Otto Von Bismarck, was anti-democracy which led to William II remaining the Emperor until 1918 (End of WWI)

6. Choosing Sides for WWI Triple Alliance Triple Entente
1882
Signed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
These 3 countries were anti-France
Triple Entente
1894
Signed by France, Great Britain, and Russia
These 3 countries were Anti-Germany
These two treaties would eventually set the two sides of WWI

7. The Balkans The Balkans is the area in Southern Europe including:
Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro, Bosnia, Herzegovina
This area was split into two groups that were protected by rival counties (Russia and Austria-Hungary)
The tension that built between these two protective countries and the Balkans would be the main cause for WWI

8. New Science
Einstein- provided a new view of the universe, theory of relativity, E=mc2
Sigmund Freud- developed psychoanalysis to talk about deep problems to improve mental health
Social Darwinism- explained why people are weaker (inferior) and why the rich get richer
This led to racism/Anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism is the hatred and mistreatment of Jews

9. Modernism
Movement when artists and writers rebelled against styles from the Renaissance
This Movement led to changes in:
Literature
Art
Calude Monet
Architecture
Music