Causes of World War I.

Causes of World War I - Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia) in millions of £s (British pounds) 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Causes of World War I - Alliances Triple Entente (Understanding): Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany Austria-Hungary France Tension Italy Russia

Causes of World War I - Imperialism European conquest of Africa

Causes of World War I - Imperialism

Causes of World War I - Nationalism Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria * Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany * Liechtenstein * Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland * United Kingdom * = German speaking country

Causes of World War I - Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie Sarajevo, Bosnia - June 28th, 1914.

Causes of World War I - Assassination

Causes of World War I - Assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

Causes of World War I - Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Causes of World War I (2:17) Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia Italy Causes of World War I (2:17)

American isolationism Woodrow Wilson had a policy of Isolationism committing to neutrality in WWI Privately Wilson favored the Allied causes…thought Germany’s war tactics and invasion of countries like Belgium crossed the line. During re-election in 1916 promised not to send sons to war

Zimmerman Note German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to Mexico proposing an alliance proposing: “We shall make war together; we shall make peace together” Proposed to help them get New Mexico, Texas and Arizona back from US. British intercepted the note, decoded it and sent it to the US Newspapers ran it…Americans call for war

US declares War Congress approves War after Germany sinks three American merchant ships. Selective Service Act- required men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft. Use of Trench warfare

Bolsheviks Bolsheviks, group of communist Russians, take control over the government and sign a peace treaty with the Central Powers Now Germany can focus on fighting in the West and not worry about eastern front

Women involvement US Army Signal Corps recruited French-speaking American women to serve as switchboard operators. 20,000 nurses served in the US army

Americans help win the War With Americans assistance the Allies continued their advance toward French areas and on the Belgian border. Americans cut off German supply line Central Powers began to surrender and lacked food and the will to keep fighting Germany surrendered its aircraft, artillery, tanks and boats.

Liberty Bonds To help finance the war effort Wilson called on everyone to help. Liberty Bonds were a form of loan to the government Campaigns to sell the bonds were intense

Economic considerations: Taxes and Debt War Revenue Act of 1917-Established very high taxes and taxed the wealthiest Americans at 77 percent. Increased federal revenue by 400 percent in two years National debt grew from $1.2 billion in 1916 to $25.5 billion in 1010.

Industry and Food Regulated businesses to increase production and monitor use of needed items such as steel, copper and cement Increase production of food Fuel conservation Introduce daylight savings time to extend daylight for those who worked long shifts in factories

Propoganda Committee on Public Information begins a nationwide campaign to gain support for the American War effort.

Copy of page 256 (Wilson’s 14 points and Treaty of Versailles