10 Provinces 3 Territories Canada 10 Provinces 3 Territories

The Differences Physical

Political Differences Provinces- are Self Governing (10) Territories - Governed by federal/ Central government (3) Federal Gov’t- Distribution of National Taxes, Army, health Care, education

Atlantic Provinces 1. Providence of Newfoundland and Labrador – St. John’s 2. Prince Edward Island - Charlottetown 3. Nova Scotia - Halifax 4. New Brunswick – Fredericton

The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces 5. Ontario – Toronto 6. Quebec – Quebec City

Prairie Providence 7. Alberta, - Edmonton 8. Manitoba, - Winnipeg 9. Saskatchewan.- Regina

Western 10. British Columbia-Victoria Capital ---------------------------------------------------- 1. Northwest Territories- Yellowknife Capital 2. Nunavut (Newest Territory) – Claimed from native people Iqaluit = Capital 3. Yukon Territory – Whitehorse

Atlantic Provinces All four provinces border the Atlantic Ocean Forms part of the Appalachian Mts.(oldest mountains in NA) Rich forest Full of thousand of lakes Called Maritimes- borders the ocean or sea Smallest of Canada’s Regions = 5% of Canada’s land/ 8% of population

The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces Three distinct landscapes 1. Canadian shield – rich mineral deposits - Covers most of Quebec and Ontario 2. Hudson Bay Lowlands- Flat sparsely populated 3. St Lawrence Lowlands- Rich soil mild climate - 60% of population lives in this region

Characteristics of Ontario Waterways- Most important- –the site of Ottawa is the most populous and industrialized( nickel and zinc production) Rich soil deposits in the south used for farming

Cities of Ontario Toronto- Capital = largest metropolitan- Home to many corp. Banking and financial center – like NY is to USA Ottawa- Countries Capital –SE part of Ontario

Quebec Provinces Largest Province in relation to area Bedrock- hard rock covered with gravel and sand makes difficult to settle Most related to wilderness or forest ,and even treeless tundra’s 1. Quebec City – Capital of Quebec the Providence - Oldest city in Canada- founded by Samuel Champlain 1608 2. 2. Montreal is Quebec’s largest city.

Prairie Province 7. Alberta, - Edmonton Capital of Alberta and Calgary RR points that went through Mts 8. Manitoba, - Winnipeg Capital - Connected Eastern shield to Western Rocky’s 9. Saskatchewan.- Regina Capital of the territory Saskatoon were founded service centers along the RR Rail Roads were important to move commerce across the country taking food and supplies further west and North

British Columbia- Western Territory Victoria Capital Vancouver largest city- 4/5 population - Rich with natural resources- Salmon, lumber, minerals

Northern Territory Rich with Oil and natural gas, silver, gold, copper, zinc, iron, ore and Uranium Rugged terrain has made it difficult to extract these goods Population consist of mostly of Inuit- Native Americans/ Eskimos

Northern Territory 11. Northwest Territories- Yellowknife Capital 12. Nunavut (Newest Territory) est 1999 – Claimed from native people Iqaluit = Capital 13. Yukon Territory – Whitehorse – Capital

National Identity July 1st Canada Day 1. Inuit's – first to settle lived northern regions along pacific ocean rich with food and lumber- Nomadic 2. British 3. French - Came about 1500- Began to fight over trading rights in North America by 1750’s French and Indian War 1759- British defeat French at the battle of Quebec 1867- The Dominion of Canada- Gave Canada its own gov’t- foreign policy and military decision made by England 1931- Completely became independent- Use English monarch as symbolic Ruler

Sepa ratism 1974- government of Quebec made French the official language of the Province 1995- referendum allowed its citizens to vote to secede – failed by narrow margin 1999- They can’t secede without high courts decision

Canada’s Success Top 20 countries in the World a. Stable Gov’t b. Immigration c. Increase in natural resources- Oil, natural Gas, and minerals Diamonds d. Blend of culture e. Leader of Worldwide organizations

Challenges for Canada Due to size Canada’s transportation system is essential the country’s economic growth Emissions in the United States can result in acid rain in Canada, threatening timber and water supplies Canada’s boreal forest is shrinking due to heavy natural resource extraction Government is using more wind and solar power for energy

Trade Agreements 1993 NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement Includes Mexico, Canada and the United States.

Canadian Facts Canada is 2nd largest country in NA The colors of Canada's flag are red and white” The symbol on the Canadian flag is a maple leaf

Facts Prime Minister is Justin Trudeau Canadian police are Mounties Constitutional Monarchy Government Quebec is the largest providence- French language and Roman Catholic religion is dominant Prime Minister is Justin Trudeau Canadian police are Mounties Constitutional Monarchy Government Quebec is the largest providence- French language and Roman Catholic religion is dominant

Economy 1. fishing 2. forestry 3. hydroelectric power 4. natural resources 5. tourism

Cities 3 most populated cities: Toronto and Montreal, Vancouver Niagara Falls provides power and is a popular tourist attraction Largest island is Baffin Island Mount Logan is highest mountain

History 1608-Quebec was founded During the Seven Years War (1756-1763) the British defeated the French outside Quebec and the Treaty of Paris gave England control of Canada The population of Canada was French until British colonists emigrated to Canada

Greenland Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Capital-Nuuk Greenland is the largest island in the world.

Greenland 60,000 population Self governing providence of Denmark Language: Danish Exports: fish products Climate: frigid, but summers are above freezing

Greenland population is confined to southwest coast Ice covers 85% of island Greenlanders are native of Canadian Eskimos and Danish settlers (Vikings) who arrived in 982