1. + Unit 1: Lesson 1

2. + Sort and Predict Sort the terms on the left into either Human or Physical Geography Reminder: Human Geography is anything human made and Physical Geography is anything naturally made If you don’t know what a word means, use the following steps: 1. Ask your neighbour 2. Ask the person behind or in front of you 3. Ask the teacher

3. + Lesson #1 Notes Physical Geography Anything that is naturally made or made by nature Lasts for a long time and not easily changed Eg: Rivers, Mountains, Oceans, Lakes, Forests, Icebergs, etc. NOTE: As human population grows, more and more physical geography is being changed by humans including plants (trees, crops), lakes, forests Can you think of other physical geography that is changed by humans? Human Geography Anything that is made by humans Doesn’t last as long and is easier to change Eg: Roads, Towns, Cities, Borders, Provinces, etc.

4. + 6 Physical Regions of Canada

5. + 1. Arctic Region (Green) Located in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Northern Quebec and the most northern tip of Newfoundland and Labrador. Physical features: permafrost, Mountains, rocks, Glaciers, Trees/dwarf trees until tree line, fjords, moss, northern lights, polar ice cap, etc Population: lowest population in Canada and mostly Inuit (Aboriginal) Immigration: in recent years there has been many jobs in the gas/oil industry and in diamond mining which is bringing more people and jobs to the north

6. + 2. Western Cordillera (Red) Located on the West Coast and includes British Columbia, the Yukon, Southwest corner of the Northwest Territories, and the southwest of Alberta. Physical Features: forests, mountains, ocean, rarely has snow but gets lots of rain. Population: Most people live along the coast and Vancouver is one of the highest populated areas of Canada. Immigration: For a very long time, people from China and Japan have been immigrating to this area but many people when they retire move to this area as well for the warmer weather however, it is one of the most expensive places to live in Canada so less people are retiring there now.

7. + 3. Prairie Region (Orange) Found in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (it is more than the prairie provinces) Physical features: prairie grasslands, flat elevation, hills, low mountains, wide river valleys, forests, sand dunes, Population: the southern part of the plains is more populated than the northern but many cities and towns are located close to rivers and/or lakes Immigration: Many Europeans moved here in the 1800’s for the main industry of agriculture but now with the boom of the oil/gas industry in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Southwestern Manitoba, many people are moving to these areas for work.

8. + 4. Canadian Shield (Yellow) The biggest region and goes around Hudson’s Bay in a horseshoe shape. It includes the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Physical Features: Rocks, Trees (particularly pines and firs), rivers, lakes, etc. Population: The Southern part is more populated but the shield is another lowly populated area of Canada Immigration: The Shield was used mainly for the fur trade when Canada was a colony so Aboriginals and Europeans alike lived throughout the region, since then not a lot has changed, forestry, minerals, and hydro electricity are the main industries but don’t require a lot of people.

9. + 5. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes Lowlands (Pink) Located along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and includes the southern areas of Ontario and Quebec. Physical Features: lots of water (rivers and lakes), fertile/rich soil, trees, etc. Population: The most populated area of Canada with many of the major cities located here including Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City, London, Hamilton, etc. Immigration: This was one of the first places settled by Europeans when Canada became a colony but Aboriginal peoples had been living there long before that. The main industry is manufacturing which requires many people and it is where many people first immigrate.

10. + 6. Atlantic Region (Purple) Includes the four Atlantic provinces, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland but also most of the Gaspe Peninsula in Quebec. Physical Features: Oceans, rocks, trees, inlets, warmer climate than plains but has lots of rain and snow, etc. Population: More populated along the coast lines but not as populated as the Cordillera and Great Lakes areas Immigration: This was the first place Europeans settled when they were exploring but again Aboriginals had lived here long before that. It’s main industry is the fishery which has not been doing well so many have had to leave to find work in recent years. However, the off shore oil rigs have renewed the economy a bit a brought some people back.

11. + Quick Review What are the 10 provinces in Canada? 1. British Columbia 2. Alberta 3. Saskatchewan 4. Manitoba 5. Ontario 6. Quebec 7. New Brunswick 8. Prince Edward Island 9. Nova Scotia 10. Newfoundland and Labrador

12. + What are the 3 Territories? 1. Yukon 2. Northwest Territories 3. Nunavut

13. + What are the capitals of each province? 1. British Columbia – Victoria 2. Alberta – Edmonton 3. Saskatchewan – Regina 4. Manitoba – Winnipeg 5. Ontario – Toronto 6. Quebec – Quebec City 7. New Brunswick – Fredericton 8. Nova Scotia – Halifax 9. Prince Edward Island – Charlottetown 10. Newfoundland and Labrador – St. John’s

14. + What are the Capitals of the Territories? 1. Yukon – Whitehorse 2. Northwest Territories – Yellowknife 3. Nunavut – Iqaluit WHAT IS THE CAPITAL OF CANADA? Ottawa, Ontario

15. + Assignment #1: Map of Canada In your booklet, you will find an assignment description of this assignment as well as a marking rubric that tells you how you will be marked for this assignment. You will need to get a Map of Canada from Miss Boyd as this wouldn’t fit in the booklet. This is an individual assignment – You will need an atlas and your notes to help you