BQ 2 What do we call powers exclusive to the federal government? What do we call powers shared between the state and federal government? What does the Supremacy clause mean? What is an elastic clause? 1

Supremacy Clause Article VI of the Constitution mandates that actions by the national government are supreme. Any conflict between a legitimate action of the national government and a state will be resolved in favor of the national government. 2

The Constitution 3 Parts 1. Preamble- outlines the goals 2. The Articles- The structure of government 3. Amendments- (Including the Bill of Rights)

Changing the Constitution In your book on page 63!!!

The First Amendment

Key Vocab Civil Liberties- The freedoms we have to think and to act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment. * The cornerstone of our Democracy* Censorship – banning of printed material or films due to alarming or offensive material

“Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therefore; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances”

The 1st Amendment 5 basic freedoms Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Freedom of assembly Freedom to petition the Government

The 1st Amendment Our civil liberties are not granted to do what ever we want but rather, The Rights of one individual must be balanced against the rights of others and the community

Separation of Church and State Freedom of Religion 2 ways to protect religion Establishment clause – prohibits Congress from establishing an official religion of the U.S. Separation of Church and State

Freedom of Religion 2 ways to protect religion 2. Protects a persons right to practice their faith as they wish Government may not favor one religion over another or treat people different because of their beliefs

Freedom of Religion Limits Religious practices cannot endanger others or break any criminal or civil laws

Freedom of Speech Guarantees that we can say what is on our minds, in public or private without fear of punishment by the Government includes any form of expression- music, art, clothing, internet, etc

Freedom of Speech Limits Speech cannot endanger our government or another person Speech cannot immediately lead to criminal activity or government overthrow by force

Freedom of the Press Allows people to express themselves in print and speech through publications such as books, newspaper, television, computer networks.

Freedom of the Press Limits Slander – spreading spoken lies Libel – lies in print Materials cannot danger national security Can prohibit obscene material

Freedom of Assembly Our right to gather in groups for any reason, so long as the assemblies are peaceful. Also the right of association which is to join and form social, political clubs and organizations

Freedom to Petition The right to express ones ideas to the government.

4.3 Extending the Bill of Rights

The Civil War Amendments The 13th The 14th The 15th

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- 1865 - OUTLAWS SLAVERY African Americans are free but not recognized as equals Many states created “Black Codes” which excluded African Americans from certain jobs, limited property rights, and other restrictions.

-1868 - Citizenship Clause: a citizen is anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. Equal Protection Clause: requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people Prevented states and local government s from restriction Due Process Clause: Grants equal protection of laws States cannot take ones rights without “Due Process”

Gitlow v. New York (1925) “the 14th Amendment could safeguard free speech and free press from impairment by the states” -This “incorporation” of the Bill of rights through due process means that every U.S. Citizen in every part of the country has the same basic rights.

15TH Amendment Prohibits the restriction on the right to vote based on race or color

- 1870 - Prohibits the restrictions of the right to vote based on Race and Color Provided the right to only men- Not women Various states still found ways keep African Americans from the Polls

The Civil War Amendments The 13th (1865) Outlaws Slavery The 14th (1868) Guarantees all citizens “Equal protection of the laws” The 15th (1870) prohibits restrictions to vote based on Race and Color

19th Amendment 1920 - Protects the right of women to vote in all National and State elections.

23rd Amendment - 1961 - 24TH Amendment - 1964 – 26th Amendment 1971 – The residents of Washington D.C. may vote for the President and Vice President 24TH Amendment - 1964 – The elimination of Poll Taxes in national elections 26th Amendment 1971 – The Voting age is changed from 21 to 18 Influenced by 18 year olds fighting in the Vietnam War

4.4. Civil Rights Struggles

Vocab Discrimination – unfair treatment based on a prejudice against a certain group Segregation – Social separation of races Separate is Equal Civil Rights – The rights of full citizenship and equality under the law

Important Court Decisions Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) – Court rules that racial separation in public school is unconstitutional. Separate is inherently unequal Segregation violates the 14th amendment

Important Court Decisions Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Prohibits the discrimination in Public facilities, employment, education, and voter registration. For race, color, religion, age, and gender.

Gains in Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) – Rosa Parks Peaceful Protests- Led by Martin Luther King Jr. Believed in Nonviolent resistance- marches boycotts, sit ins

Affirmative Action Programs designed to make up for past discriminations. Try to encourage the hiring and promotion of minorities and women as well as college admissions

Affirmative Action Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) – Court strikes down a U of M point – based admission policy. Gives an excessive advantage to minorities

Why does racism still exist Why does racism still exist? What are some of the steps that would be necessary to eliminate racism, not only in the United States, but also in other parts of the world?