Performance Enhancing Drugs PEDs What is a drug? A drug is a substance that can be taken in a variety of ways to produce expected physical or psychological effects.

Performance-Enhancing Drugs Anabolic Steroids Stimulants Beta Blockers Diuretics Narcotic Analgesics (Painkillers) Peptide Hormones Growth Hormone (GH) Blood Doping

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Anabolic Steroids What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Faster Recovery Time. Increase in muscle mass, improving performance in sports that need strength, muscular endurance & power. Increased risk of disease, including liver cancer and organ damage, and increased risk of injury, especially tearing tendons. Increased risk of hair loss and acne. Increased risk of high blood pressure Can affect emotional health, increasing aggressive behaviour and depression. Increased risk of enlarged breast in men and facial hair & facial hair and deep voice in women, and increased risk of infertility. What is this drug? A man-made copy of the male hormone testosterone, which stimulates muscle growth.

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Stimulants What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Increase in alertness, making a performance able to concentrate better for longer. Increase in energy, prolong performance. Increase in aggression Increase in heart rate & blood pressure Can become addictive What is this drug? Stimulants are substances that act directly on the central nervous system, speeding up part of the brain & body

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Beta Blockers What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Reduction in anxiety allows athletes to stay calm and maintain focus. Make a performer hands steadier, which can be of benefit in sports like snooker, darts, archery and shooting. Lowering the heart rate too much can be dangerous. It can lead to heart failure. What is this drug? Block the effect of adrenaline and reduce heart rate

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Diuretics What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Increase in weight loss, which can be of value in sports with weight categories, such as boxing and wrestling. Make it difficult to detect other banned substances because traces of the substance in the urine pass out of the body the body quickly. Increased risk of dehydration. Increased risk of kidney failure. Increased risk of heart failure. Increased risk of muscle cramps. Increased risk of headaches. Increased risk of dizziness. What is this drug? Increase the volume of urine removed from the body.

Narcotic Analgesics (Pain Killers) What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Allow a performer to compete even when they are ill, injured or in pain. Can effect concentration, balance and coordination. Increased pain threshold may lead to further injury. Can become addictive. What is this drug? Relieve pain

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Peptide Hormones What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? The more red blood cells a performer has, the more oxygen is carried to their working muscles. This improves a performers aerobic capacity. It means they can perform longer fatigue sets in and their recovery time is shorter. The blood becomes thicker, increasing the risk of heart attack & stroke What is this drug? Erythropoietin, known as EPO, is a peptide hormone. It is produced naturally by the kidneys to regulate the production of red blood cells. It can be artificially manufactured and injected.

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Growth Hormone (GH) What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Increase in muscle size and mass, leading to an increase in strength. Increase in metabolic rate, which helps the body to burn more fat. Speeds up recovery from muscle fatigue and injury. Increased risk of muscle and joint pain. Increased risk of fluid retention, which causes swelling. What is this drug? GH is produced naturally by the body to stimulate the growth of muscle, cartilage and bone. It can be artificially manufactured and injected.

What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? Blood Doping What are the negative side-effects Why would athletes take this? More oxygen is transported to the working muscles, increasing endurance and allowing the performer to train for longer. High risk of kidney failure. High risk of blood borne infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Increased risk of blood clots. Increased risk of an allergic reaction. What is this drug? Injecting oxygenated blood.