1. Performance Enhancing Drugs
Sukhpal Virk
Seminar

2. Agenda What are Performance Enhancing Drugs
Types of PED’s (Individually)
Risks and Side Effects of Each PED
Why PED’s are Illegal
Why PED’s are Used?
Do All Athletes in Sports Use PED’s? (with activity)
Controversy in Sports (with case studies)
Abuse of PED (Anabolic Steroids)

3. What Are Performance Enhancing Drugs?
Substances used by athletes to better their performance during activity
Also referred to as PED’s
Used in many sports competitions
Often only associated with anabolic steroids

4. Types of PED’s Lean Mass Builders Stimulants Painkillers Sedatives
Diuretics
Blood Boosters

5. Lean Mass Builders Amplify growth of muscle and lean muscle mass
Help reduce body fat
Reduce recovery time for an athlete to come back from an injury
Class of Drugs includes; Anabolic Steroids, beta 2 agonists, Androstenedione (andro), and other hormones
Synthetic Growth Hormones found in animals also

6. Risks and Side-Effects of Lean Mass Builders
Breasts (Men)
Baldness (Both Genders)
Shrunken Testicles
Deeper Voice (Both Genders)
Infertility
Severe acne
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture
Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol)
Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol)
Increases chances of heart attack and stroke
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Heart and circulatory problems
Prostate gland enlargement
Aggressive behaviors, rage or violence
Psychiatric disorders, such as depression
Drug dependence
Infections or diseases such as HIV or hepatitis if you're injecting the drugs

7. Stimulants Stimulate both the body and mind
Enhance focus, energy, and aggression
Class of Drug includes; caffeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine
Risks and Side Effects Include:
Insomnia
Anxiety
Weight loss
Dependence and addiction
Dehydration
Tremors
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and cardiac arrhythmia

8. Painkillers Risks Include: A false sense of invincibility
Mask athletes pain
Allows athletes to perform beyond their usual pain threshold
Blood pressure increases
Cells and muscles become better supplied with oxygen
Painkillers range from over the counter such as NSAIDS, or to powerful prescription narcotics
Risks Include:
A false sense of invincibility
Nausea and vomiting
Increased pain threshold and failure to recognize injury
Decreased heart rate
Physical and psychological dependence; leading to addiction

9. Sedatives Common in sports like archery
Enhance accuracy and steady hands
Also used by athletes to overcome nervousness
Class of Drugs includes; alcohol, propanolol, marijuana
Risks include:
Increased heart rate
Impaired short-term memory
Distorted sense of time and space
Diminished ability to concentrate
Slowed coordination and reaction of reflexes
Respiratory diseases

10. Diuretics Expels water from body
Often used by wrestlers and body builders to meet weight restrictions
Also used as a ‘masking drug’
Risks Include:
Dehydration
Muscle cramps
Dizziness or fainting
Drop in blood pressure
Loss of coordination and balance

11. Blood Boosters Increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
Used in endurance sports
Helps athletes perform for longer durations without going into oxygen debt
Often used by travelling teams
Risks include:
Increased stress on the heart
Blood clotting
Stroke

12. Why Are PED’s Illegal? Immense side effects Life threatening risks
Goes against the motif and goal of sports
Abused by athletes
Unfair advantages
Legal if prescribed, but not for athletic purposes

13. Why PED’s Are Used Physical superiority over opponents
Stable mindset in order to focus on certain things
To perform while injured
Intimidate competitors
Even the odds
Used by average people because of false advertising by the media
Video:

14. Do All Athletes Use PED’s?
No, it is not mandatory
All sports are affected by PED’s
Different sports are reflective of different types of PED’s
Examples Include:
Bodybuilders – Lean Mass Builders
Long Distance Track – Blood Boosters
Fighters – Painkillers
Video:

15. Sports Specific PED Case Study Practice
Sport Name: Martial Arts (UFC)
Goal of Sport:
To beat your opponent by KO, TKO, or submission with both physical strength and mental planning.
Primary Techniques and Strengths of Sport:
Physique- size, strength, speed, stamina
Mental- concentration
Which PED(s) to use and why:
Lean Mass Builders – to have more strength and intimidation
Blood Doping – to be able to make it through rounds without tiring
Etc.

16. Controversy in Sports - MLB
MLB introduces lenient steroid policy
Most controversial sport in regards to PED allegations
Multiple players accused and found guilty
Multiple players come forward admitting their use of PED’s
Trials and controversy in media with MLB records in past decade
Multiple suspensions (50 games, 3 seasons, etc)
PED enforcement becomes strict, spreading to more sports

17. Athletes Using PED’s Controversy – Case Study Practice
Summarize article (who, what sport and PED(s), when incident occurred, how they got caught/came forward)
Effects on their own life and the people around them
Consequences
Was it worth it? (Personal, no wrong answers)

18. Abuse of PED’s Case Study – Gregg Valentino
The man whose arms exploded
Abused anabolic steroids for about a decade daily
mg testosterone per week according to him
DONT USE PED’s!
Video: