1. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 1 Drugs

2. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body What you will learn about in this topic: 1.What drugs are 2.Why people take them 3.Doping 4.The effects of taking drugs in sport 5.Banned substances Drugs 2

3. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport Describe why sportspeople take drugs Explain what doping is

4. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body To recover from injury more quickly or to mask pain Desire to be the best at all costs; winning brings financial rewards Making the most of a short sporting life Influenced by others The will to win overrides moral conscience Desire to meet expectations of others Willing to risk cheating for public acclaim Natural ability isn’t good enough Better results lead to better sponsors and endorsement contracts Drugs 4 Why sports performers take drugs:

5. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs A drug is any chemical substance you take that affects the way your body works. Drugs 5 Most drugs are developed for medical purposes, but…

6. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 6 …doping means taking drugs to improve sporting performance. It is a growing problem in sport.

7. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Performance-enhancing drugs Anabolic agents are the most commonly used drugs in sport. They mimic testosterone, a male hormone. Examples of this drug include: testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol, boldenone and clenbuterol. Drugs 7

8. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Effects can include: Increases muscle mass Develops bone growth Increases strength, allowing the athlete to train harder Has a quick effect so there is rapid improvement Drugs 8

9. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Increases aggression, so seen as good for competitive contact sports Prevents muscle wastage Are an aid to rehabilitation. Drugs 9

10. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Side-effects can include: Kidney problems Mood swings Anxiety Aggression Drugs 10

11. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body High blood pressure Heart attacks Strokes Impotence in men Infertility, deepened voice, increased facial hair and irregular periods in women. Drugs 11

12. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body There is also an increased risk of muscle injury and liver disease when anabolic agents are injected into the blood stream. Recent research by the NIDA (National Institute for Drug Abuse) indicates long-term users show signs of addiction. Drugs 12

13. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Winning at all costs: is it worth it? Dwain Chambers suffered a two-year ban for taking anabolic steroids. Drugs 13

14. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Stimulants are the second most commonly used drugs in sports. Drugs 14 Examples of these drugs include: amphetamines, ephedrine, cocaine and caffeine.

15. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Effects can include: Reduces feelings of tiredness so a person can train for longer. Stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) making people more alert. Drugs 15

16. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Side-effects can include: User becomes irritable and is unable to sleep. High blood pressure Irregular and faster heartbeat. Some stimulants, such as amphetamines, are addictive. Drugs 16

17. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Narcotic analgesics are addictive drugs and are usually injected into the blood stream. Examples of these drugs include: heroin, methadone, pethidine, morphine and codeine. Drugs 17

18. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Effects can include: Reduces the sensation of the central nervous system (CNS) so helps pain relief. Masks pain so athlete is back from injury sooner. Side-effects can include: Loss of concentration. Loss of balance. Drugs 18

19. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Side-effects can include: Loss of concentration. Loss of balance. Loss of coordination making sport dangerous. Using these drugs can make an injury worse. They are also highly addictive. Drugs 19

20. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Diuretics are drugs which increase the rate of water loss from the body. Examples of these drugs include: furosemide, triamterene and chlortalidone. Mannitol is prohibited in sport if intravenously injected. Drugs 20

21. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Effects can include: Speeds up work of kidneys by producing more urine. This reduces fluid retention, which causes rapid weight loss. Diuretics are used in sports where there are weight categories. Sportspeople use diuretics to ‘make the weight’. Drugs 21

22. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Side-effects can include: Dehydration and possibly dizziness. Muscle cramps. Headaches, nausea and fatigue. Kidney illness can develop. Drugs 22

23. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues are synthetic substances that copy natural hormones in the body. Examples of these drugs include: Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and erythropoietin (EPO). Drugs 23

24. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body HGH acts like an anabolic steroid. It develops muscle, makes the body use fat and helps reduce tiredness. An athlete who has taken HGH recovers from injury more quickly, as it increases red blood cells. HGH also speeds up training, helping the endurance athlete. Drugs 24

25. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body EPO promotes the production of red blood cells and therefore increases the amount of oxygen the blood can transport at any one time. More oxygen is provided to the muscles which allows the athlete to work longer and harder. EPO thickens the blood, inhibiting circulation, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Drugs 25

26. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Beta-blockers are used as a relaxant. Examples of this drug include atenolol and nodolol. Some beta-blockers are available on prescription to treat angina and have a similar effect to alcohol. Drugs 26

27. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Their use is subject to certain restrictions in some sports and banned completely in others. Effects can include: Users maintain a slow heart rate and low blood pressure which is useful in tense situations. Their calming effect also helps in high-risk sports where speed is involved. Drugs 27

28. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body They steady the hand, which is important to competitors in target sports. However, they can reduce the heart rate so much that there is a danger that the heart may stop. Drugs 28

29. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Masking agents are taken to hide the presence of another drug, which would otherwise disqualify the performer. Examples of this drug include epitestosterone, probenecid and diuretics. Drugs 29

30. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Some masking agents do not appear on the list of banned substances for particular sports, so their presence is legal. Drugs 30

31. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Task 1 If an athlete tests positive for a banned drug, they can face a ban from their sport for at least two years. With a partner, research into current athletes who have been connected to drugs. Drugs 31

32. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body SubstanceWhat do they do? What are the dangers? Examples Stimulants Narcotic analgesics Anabolic steroids Task 2 Copy and complete the following table in your workbook: Drugs 32

33. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Task 3 Design an A4 poster with a slogan for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to use in a campaign against drug abuse in sport. Drugs 33

34. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 34 Exam questions 1. What effects would a sportsperson experience in their performance if they used stimulants? 2. Which sportspeople are more likely to use beta-blockers? Provide examples.

35. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 35 What you have learnt in this topic: 1.What drugs are 2.Why people take them 3.Doping 4.The effects of taking drugs in sport 5.Banned substances

36. © Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL 1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body Drugs 36 Learning objectives You should now be able to: Understand the effects of different drugs used illegally in sport Describe why sportspeople take drugs Explain what doping is