Food for Thought: Doubt is a pain too lonely to know that Faith is his twin brother. ---Anon.

Dissociative Disorders

Introduction to Disorders Psychological Disorder – a harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are: Maladaptive – Destruction to oneself or others; normal life Unjustified – No rational basis Disturbing – Troublesome to others Atypical – violation of the norm ---Must be all four, consistent behaviors over time

History 4000 years ago Treatment – experimentation Religious – demonic possessions Mentally ill Philippe Pinel Dorothea Dix (US)

Medical Model Mental illness has physical causes and symptoms can be treated Medicines Example: Depressed? Take Anti-depressants

Bio-Psycho-Social Model Biological Psychological Social Nature and Nurture approach Example: How do you handle a break-up? Causes

DSM-IV-TR DSM – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV - Fourth TR – Text Revised ---- Book of Psychological Disorders 17 major categories Descriptions and estimates

Psychological Disorder Facts We all have symptoms! Remember, M U D A. Don’t overreact. “Psychology Student’s Disease”

Essential Questions Can you identify different psychological disorders and their symptoms? What are the major types of disorders? What are the biological and social-cognitive factors of disorders?

Psychological Disorder Activity Anxiety Disorders (5) Mood Disorders (3) Dissociative Disorders (3) Somatoform Disorders (3) Schizophrenia Disorders (4) Personality Disorders (6)

Review What does DSM-IV-TR stand for? MUDA is a mnemonic device for _____? Historically, what happened to mental patients? What are Phillipe Pinel and Dorothea Dix most noted for?

Document Analysis ADHD – Page 641 DOCUMENT INFORMATION (There are many possible ways to answer A-E.) A. List three things the author said that you think are important: B. Why do you think this document was written? C. What evidence in the document helps you know why it was written? Quote from the document. D. List two things the document tells you about life in the United States at the time it was written: E. Write a question to the author that is left unanswered by the document:

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety – a vague feeling of apprehension and nervousness Generalized anxiety disorder: Panic disorder: Phobia: Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Posttraumatic stress disorder: Apprehension and tenseness Anxiety creates sudden, intense panic Anxiety becomes irrational fear Repetitive and compul- sive thoughts Reliving a traumatic event

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Mood Disorders Disturbances of emotions Mania and depression Major depressive disorder: Dysthymic disorder: Bipolar disorder: Depressed mood lasting 2 or more weeks Less severe and shorter time Alternating periods of mania and depression

Dissociative Disorders Inability to make connections Broken away from sense of self Rare; result of overwhelming stress Dissociative amnesia: Dissociative fugue: Dissociative identity disorder: Memory loss of a traumatic event Loss of identity in a new location 2 or more personalities

Somatoform Disorders Physical problems occur for psychological reasons Hypochondriasis: Conversion disorder: Psychophysiological disorder: Imagined illness Anxiety produces a loss of physical function Medical condition produced by psychological factors such as stress

Homework Schizophrenia - Paranoid: Catatonic: Disorganized: Undifferentiated: Personality - Avoidant personality disorder: Dependent personality disorder: Paranoid personality disorder: Schizoid personality disorder: Borderline personality disorder: Antisocial personality disorder: Pages 669-679

Schizophrenia Disorders Most frightening and misunderstood disorder Not one disorder; series of related disorders 4 symptoms: Delusions, Hallucinations, Inappropriate emotions, Inappropriate behavior Not split personality 1% of the population Late adolescence or early adulthood

Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid: Catatonic: Disorganized: Undifferentiated: Delusions of persecution Excitement and stupor phases Bizarre behavior, delusions, hallucinations Various symptoms

Personality Disorders Lasting, rigid patterns of behavior that impairs social functioning Avoidant: Dependent: Paranoid: Schizoid: Borderline: Antisocial: Personal relationships are difficult; rejection Clingy, submissive behavior Related to Anxiety Odd Behaviors Dramatic/Impulsive Behaviors Deep distrust of people Detached from social events; loners Instable emotions, self-image, behavior Psychopathic/Sociopathic; total disregard of others

Causes of Disorders Biological Factors Genetic predisposition Heredity Brain functions –Amygdala (phobias) and Dopamine (Schizophrenia) Social-Cognitive Factors Learned helplessness Attributions Conditioning and Reinforcement

Fairy Tales Due 10/16/09 and 10/19 Typed – 1 inch margins, 12 pt. Font, Times New Roman Choose a Fairy Tale (first come/first serve) and give the main character a psychological disorder discussed in class/text. Keep it PG rated. Skit – 3 to 5 minutes.