Pelvic Girdle, Lower Extremities and Articulations

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Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure Image from Table 7.4

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure Characteristic Female Male Bone thickness Lighter, thinner, and smoother Heavier, thicker, and more prominent markings Pubic arch/angle 80˚–90˚ 50˚–60˚ Acetabula Small; farther apart Large; closer together Sacrum Wider, shorter; sacral curvature is accentuated Narrow, longer; sacral promontory more ventral Coccyx More movable; straighter Less movable; curves ventrally

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Foot

Articulations & Body movements Holds the body’s bones together Allow your rigid skeleton some flexibility Classified by degree of movement: Fibrous (immoveable) sutures Cartilaginous (rigid, slightly moveable) Intervertebral disc, puic symphysis, costal cartilage Synovial joints (freely moveable) Shoulders, elbows, knees

Synovial Joints Characteristics: Freely moveable The bones are separated by a cavity (usually fluid filled) Most joints in the body

Synovial joints *Know the name of the type of synovial joint, and where you can find it! 1. Plane (Gliding) Intercarpal/ intertarsal joints 2. Hinge (only allow movement in one plane- back and forth) Knee & elbow 3. Pivot (allows bones to rotate around another) Neck Radius and ulna Plane Hinge

Pivot Joints

Synovial Joints 4. Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Knuckles 5. Saddle (side to side motion) Thumb 6. Ball and Socket (most freely moveable joints) Shoulders and hips Saddle Ball & Socket