Civil Rights Campaign Begins… LO’s - to understand the initial movement towards civil rights To explain the organisations that started the civil rights movement

Booker T. Washington Born in 1856 - son of a slave Well known teacher, creating a school Alabama Main belief that Black Americans should be trained for trades before fighting for Civil Rights and equality Early 1900’s he argued that Black people would only advance if they were educated

The Niagara Movement http://www.history.com/topics/naacp/videos/web- dubois-and-the-niagara-movement What are the demands of the Niagara Movement? Why are they forced to meet in Canada?

NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) Founded in 1909 it’s the oldest and largest civil rights organisation Purpose of NAACP was to campaign for equal rights using legal action to improve employment, housing, voting and education Led by W.E.B. Du Bois- the first Black to be awarded a degree from Harvard University Du Bois wanted complete equality between the races and disagreed with the ideas of Booker T. Washington

How do you think people reacted to Washington's ideas? “You should stop demanding equal rights. Education is the answer. Show White people that you can work hard and save for the future and then they will see that the Black man is a respectable person. Then we will be granted our rights.” Booker T Washington How do you think people reacted to Washington's ideas?

Marcus Garvey Believed that all Black Americans should return to Africa and start a colony there! Starts the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and a weekly paper the Negro World Started the steamship company Black Star Line to provide transportation to Africa 1920 - claims to have 2 million members 1925- jailed for fraud Historians agree that his “Back to Africa” movement led to ideas in the 60’s

Marcus Garvey - How do you think people reacted to this idea? “Why should we try to fit into a White world? Why should we ask to be given Civil Rights? Black is beautiful! Up, you mighty race, you can do what you set out to do! Europe for the Europeans, Asia for the Asians and African for the Africans! I say back to Africa!” Marcus Garvey - How do you think people reacted to this idea?

Source Questions Source A- said by a founding member of the NAACP in 1906 Yes we want our children educated. We also want the right to vote and we want it now. We want segregation to end. We will never cease to protest until we get our rights. 1) Describe the aims of the NAACP? (3 marks) Source B- a speech by Booker T Washington in 1895 He said that Black people should not let their anger at the way white people treat them stop them from working hard and getting trained in a good job. Protests are a waste of time. If Black people worked hard and improved their lives they could show that they deserved better treatment. 2) Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence about early campaigns to win Civil Rights. (4 marks — 2 source and 2 recall) 3) Compare sources A and B on the early movements towards Civil Rights in America. 4) Read page 13-18 add to your notes information about Washington, Garvey and Dubois 5) Explain in detail the impact that the First World War had on the early civil right movement. (5 marks)