Find Your Seat Please sit where you would like to sit for the 1st quarter All front tables must be filled before any back tables can be!

Beyond Just Answering the Questions Tips to be successful in the class Try and get your reading done ahead of time Take notes as you read, don’t just expect the packets to work as your only study tool You remember things better and therefore learn more, the more you handwrite something Feel free to take advantage of the prep book Read each period section as we get to it in the textbook Use the chapter ppts on the website as study guides before a quiz Bring your questions to class  While I may not have read the textbook, my outside knowledge and your classmates knowledge will help you fill in any gaps. At the same time, use Google, if you are struggling at home! Create outside study groups/teams to work with!

Founding the New Nation Unit 1 Founding the New Nation

Chapter 1 New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C.E - 1769

Overarching Ideas/Topics (Period 1) Geology of the New World Native Americans before Columbus Europeans and Africans Columbus and the early explorers Columbian Exchange The conquest of Mexico Spain’s new empire

Geology of the New World Environment determined settlement patterns as well as political, cultural, and economic structures How did interactions with the natural environment shape the institutions and values of various groups living on the North American continent? Mexico and American Southwest Drier climates – required more settlement and agriculture – irrigation  more established settlements (Aztecs and Pueblos) Great Basin and Western Plains Great Basin and Mississippi – richer soil  larger settlements once farming techniques can be established Plains – more difficult to grow on, so more nomadic tribes Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard Greater access to agriculture, hunting, and fishing. Larger settlements – Iroquois Confederacy

Native Americans before Columbus Migrated across North America over time and developed complex societies by adapting to and transforming their environment Incas (Peru), Mayans (Central America), Aztecs (Mexico), Pueblos (Southwest) Maize cultivation supported economic development and social diversification – present day Mexico and American Southwest The lack of natural resources in the Great Basin and western Great Plains caused Native American societies to develop largely mobile lifestyles

Europeans and Africans Contact between the two groups challenged each other’s world views Many Europeans developed a belief in white superiority to justify treatment of Africans Portuguese developed plantation system in Africa Beginning stages of the slave trade that would make its way to the New World

Columbus and the early explorers Contacts among Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans challenged world-views of each group Many Europeans developed a belief in white superiority to justify treatment of Native Americans Why/How Spanish Portuguese Dutch

Columbian Exchange A series of interaction and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic Diseases, crops, livestock, minerals Changed settlement patterns and economic, social, and political developments among Natives and across the Western Hemisphere New crops and minerals from the Americas stimulated European population growth and a shift from feudalism to capitalism

The conquest of Mexico Sought gold and silver and impressed by complex societies Treaty of Tordesillas – splits the new world between Spain and Portugal Encomienda system Critic – Bartolome de Las Casas Pope’s Rebellion Cortes and the Aztecs

Spain’s new empire Spanish and Portuguese explores poorly understood the Native Americans and had debates over how to treat and “civilize” them Exploration and conquest led to widespread deadly epidemics, emergence of racially mixed populations and caste system Conquistadores Mestizos Black Legend Why create this new empire Economic Political Cultural How was it organized