Sport structure and participation Case study: Finland, France and Poland Koscielecka, Briglia, Hoppes

Sport Structure in Poland Governmental organisation and Sport legislation The central body of government administration concerned with matters of physical culture in Poland is Ministry of Sport and Tourism. The Ministry consists of 13 organisational units The Polish Olympic Committee (Polski Komitet Olimpijski), The leading organisation of the non-governmental sector having a nationwide character and active on the central level. Two types of sports federations functioning on central level, concerned with top level (competitive) sport: Multidisciplinary federations (multi – sport) Polish sports federations (monodisciplinary federations)

Sport Structure in France A pyramid shaped system : The Ministery of health, youth and sports organises French sport at the national and international level.It gives the direction to take for Federations. Federations are organising their own sports (take care of material and facilities, organise competition, build national teams, promote their sport, follow directive given by the mynistery) Clubs are the final step of this structure, they belong to one federation and deliver the service.

Sport Structure in Finland Sport Act, 1999: promote sport-for-all of competitive, top-level sport and civic activities Governmental: Sport administered by Ministry of Education, includes multiple sport divisions and 5 regional state offices Non-Governmental: FSF defined strategic rules Sports clubs and Fed.s organize activities 97% sport clubs are non-profit making Over 20% of population are members

Sport Structure figures FinlandFrancePoland Sport Federations & Organizations Sports Clubs ,000300,000 persons partic. 0,8% total pop. Volunteers500,000 10% total pop. Value of: 1.5bill/year 13 million Elite athletes unknown

sporting activity frequency FinnishFrenchPolish Once a week75%43%Unknown Never4%35%46% No time to sport 18%33%36%

Results of survey Main reason for not sporting is time constraints. Neither fees nor unsuitable facilities were significant barrier Lack of time reason for not sporting Self-employed or people of higher level studies, 62% Influence of family constraints of households of 4 or more members, 54%

Conclusions Common benefit in the practice of sport Change in types of physical sport Improved physical and mental well-being Efficiently fights against obesity: Poland(95%), Finland (94%), France (88%)

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References Central Statistical Office of Poland ny_2008.pdf

Non-governmental sport organisation in Poland The Polish Olympic Committee (Polski Komitet Olimpijski), The leading organisation of the non-governmental sector having a nationwide character and active on the central level. A federation of associations and other legal persons acting to ensure participation of Poland in Olympic games, foster Olympic principles, represent Polish sports in the international Olympic movement and communicate with national Olympic committees of other countries. There are also has two types of sports federations functioning on central level, concerned with top level (competitive) sport: Multidisciplinary federations (multi – sport) Polish sports federations (monodisciplinary federations)

Other sport organisations in Poland The Polish Olympic Committee Polish Paraolympic Committee Polish Federation of Youth Sports Polish National Federation Sport For All AWF (University of Physical Education AZS (Academic Sports Teams) Szkolny Związek Sportowy (School Sports Association)

Sport Participation Poland: It is not easy task to determine how many Poles participate in sports. One of the reasons is that in Polish the term sports is associated unequivocally with competitive sports. BUT members in sports clubs (0,8% of the entire population) 57 sports federations

SECTIONS AND PERSONS PRACTISING SPORTS IN SPORTS CLUBS YearSectionspersons practicing sports Specification (As of 31 XII 2008) Football Volleyball Athletics Sport shootingc Karatec Basketball Table tennis Swimming Handball Tennis Chess

SECTIONS AND PERSONS PRACTISING SPORTS IN SPORTS CLUBS Sailing Judo Air sportc Equestrian sportc Traditional karatec Taekwon-do ITF Bridge Boxing Motorsportc Mountaineeringc Greco-Roman wrestling Free style wrestling Road cycling Body-building Rowing Taekwon-do WTF * a A person practising sports may be indicated more than once depending upon the number of disciplines practised. b Listed according to the number of persons practising a given discipline. c A sports field (consists of a number of related sports disciplines). N o t e. Since 2002 data are presented on the basis of periodic surveys conducted every two years.

POLAND How often do you practise sport - answers never – 46% Why? Dont have time - 36% Through sport you can fight against any form of discrimination – 81% A minority of European Union citizens (44%) seem to rather agree with the statement that it is very difficult for a young sportsman who fails in sport to turn to another activity. We noticed here, concomitantly, a rather significant do not know response rate, nearing 20% in numerous countries. Poland (55%) European Union action for sport The intervention of the European Union in the field of sport Expectations in terms of more Europe are strongly felt in Cyprus, Malta, Greece or even in Poland – 70%, (France 54,Finland 38) Answers: The European Union should co-operate more with national sports organizations & national governments 77 Poles

French Case

France – Sport Structure 42 Federations clubs (28 clubs/ inhabitants) 13 millions voluntary workers counted(2 millions participating actively) Voluntary workers get trained. Elite athlete Level (69 « pôles ») allocated to different cities.

France – Sport Participation 2/3 of French peoples are doing sport (43 % of them are doing it at least once a week) 33 % of French population is never doing sport. 16 millions get a licence in a club ( 24 %) and 66 % of those are men. Main sports being soccer (2 millions), tennis (1 million), horse riding ( ) Sport is compulsory at school and school is compulsory until 16 which can somehow guarentee a high rate of participation for student.

Resons for not doing sport in France Several resons are mentioned (too expansive, dont like to do sport, no suitable sport facilities close to where we live but the main reson for french people is that t do not have enough time (33%)

How sport is sport is perceived? 3 main ways: - Improve mental and physical health -To relax (link with culture ?) -To develop physical performances

Comparison Finnish/French Why French people are doing less often sport than finnish ?(71 % of finnish are practicing sport at least once a week – 43 % of French) Example in universty : Less accessibility to facilities in France Is there any link to the sport structure at national level? University is free (national decision) in France and accordingly there are less fundings for student and less facilities

Governmental organisation and Sport legislation in Poland III The activity in the area of sport is regulated in Poland by: The Act on physical culture from 18th January 1996, (15 acts). The Act on professional sport of 29 July 2005 A governmental document – The strategy of sports development in Poland 2015 aims and tasks, approved by the Council of Ministers on 23 January 2007 The Polish Sports Confederation (Polska Konfederacja Sportu), central level It is a state agency having the status of a legal person included in the sector of public finances. The purpose of the Confederation is to create suitable conditions for activity in the area of high level sports, including professional sports, their development and promotion.