By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson Adolescent Nutrition By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson © 2013 Cengage

Introduction The Physical, Cognitive, and Social Triad During Adolescence Monitoring Good Nutrition During Adolescence Growth and Development Nutrition Needs During Adolescence Energy and Nutrient Needs for Adolescents Adolescent Fitness and Lifestyle Management Adolescent Fitness Activities Weight Gain in Adolescence Food Intake Shifts and Imbalances Disturbed and Distorted Adolescent Eating

Successful Growth and Development Dramatic growth, in spurts At the epiphyseal plate Increased body weight Gender differences Epiphyseal plate – when the tissue at end of bone growth that turns into bone once grown.

Puberty Typical ages Lady’s first Sexual maturity ratings skip

Cognitive and Social Changes During Adolescence Ability to apply knowledge and think in multidimensional and abstract ways Peer relationships become paramount

Nutrition Needs during Adolescence Calories needed for growth EER Carbohydrate Same as adults Protein 0.95 gm/Kg (9-13 yrs) 0.85 gm/Kg (14-18 yrs) Fat 25-35% of Calories DRI for EFAs Higher protein DRI and energy according to EER

Nutrition Needs during Adolescence Vitamins and minerals that support growth and development: vitamin A, folate, zinc, and vitamin C Vitamins and minerals needed for bone growth: Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D Iron needs are high, growth and menstruation Unhealthy balance of sodium, potassium, and water is common

Adolescent Fitness and Lifestyle Management 60 minutes of physical activity daily There are so many activities to do

Diet and Health Issues in Adolescence Weight gain and obesity in adolescence is increasing Sets the stage for an unhealthy life Obesity prevention is needed Food intake shifts and imbalances occur Too much high Calorie, high solid fat and added sugar foods with low levels of essential nutrients Too much sedentary behavior Drug, alcohol, and tobacco use

Diet and Health Issues in Adolescence Eating disorders See figure Skin disorders Acne

Summary Adolescence is a time of rapid growth and sexual maturation. Boys and girls progress through puberty in predictable stages. Greater abstract thinking and problem solving skills. Increased emphasis on peer relationships. Proper adolescent nutrition will meet the increased demand for Calories and protein and the unique vitamins and minerals needed to support growth and development. References for this presentation are the same as those for this topic found in module 6 of the textbook

Summary Adolescents need to engage in 60 minutes of exercise every day. Adolescence is a common time for food intake shifts to occur and eating disorders to begin. A healthy diet and active lifestyle during adolescence can prevent obesity and promote overall health and wellbeing throughout the lifespan. References for this presentation are the same as those for this topic found in module 7 of the textbook