Treatment for Poisonings Pg.755-759 Chapter 28 Lesson 4 Treatment for Poisonings Pg.755-759

Lesson Objectives Analyze strategies for: responding to poisonings. responding to bites and stings. for preventing and responding to skin irritation caused by contact with poisonous plants.

Types of Poisoning Poisoning results when substances that are not meant to enter the body do so. A chemical that is swallowed. A pesticide that is absorbed through the skin. Venom a poisonous substances secreted by a snake, spider, or other creature, that is injected into the body through a sting or a bite. Certain foods and plants can be poisonous Gases and vapors may also be poisonous (carbon monoxide, exhaust fumes, and other fumes from stoves)

First Aid for Poisonings Your poison control center, a 24-hour hotline can tell you the correct procedure to follow in the event of a poisoning. Time is critical when a poisoning has occurred. Some poisoning situations require quick action to minimize the amount of damage to the victim or to prevent death. First, call 911 for help. Then practice the first-aid strategies for poisonings. Poison can enter the body in four ways: Ingestion/swallowed Inhalation Absorption Injection

First Aid for Poisons Swallowed poisons vary in their first-aid treatment because the substances that can be swallowed affect the body differently. Quickly determine what was swallowed and call your poison control center. You may be instructed to give the victim something to dilute the poison or induce vomiting. Inhaled poison serious because of damage that can be done to the lungs and other organs of respiratory system. Quickly get the person to fresh air. Do not breathe in the fumes. If the victim is not breathing, start rescue breathing. Poison on the skin must be removed asap to limit the exposure to the body. Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse the skin with water for 15 minutes. Rinse the skin with mild soap and water. Rinse again with fresh water. Have someone call 911 while you are rinsing the skin. Poison in the eye is absorbed quickly. Immediately start flushing the eye with lukewarm water for 15 minutes. Blink the eye amap while flooding the eye with water. Do not force the eye open, and do not rub the eye. Call 911 while you are rinsing the eye.

When you call the poison control center Be prepared to give your name, location, & phone number Provide name of substance, when and how much was ingested. If possible, provide the brand name of product and list of ingredients. Describe the state of the victim, as well as age and weight. Be prepared to follow instructions and answer any questions.

First Aid for Poisonous Bites & Stings Insect and animal stings and bites are among the most common sources of injected poisonings. Insects --Spiders Ticks --Scorpions Snakes --marine life

Snake Bite Usually the bite of a venomous snake is not fatal A bite can cause severe pain, loss of function and in rare situations, loss of a limb. Get the victim to the hospital. Keep the victim calm and in the reclining position. Keep bitten area at/below the heart. Immobilize the area. Call 911 and follow instructions given. Do not apply ice, heat, don’t give aspirin or other drugs. Maintain breathing and prevent aggravation of the wound. If you are alone, walk slowly and rest periodically to help minimize blood circulation

Insect Bites & Stings Some insects, such as bee, hornet, yellow jacket, wasp and fire ants, cause painful stings that can produce a strong allergic reaction. Those highly allergic can cause a life-threatening condition. These people need immediate medical attention First Aid Move to a safe area to avoid further harm. Try to remove the stinger by scraping it off. Wash the area with mild soap/ water to help prevent infection. To reduce pain & swelling, apply a cold compress. Apply hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion, or a baking soda paste to the area.

First Aid for Insect Bites & Stings continued… If the victim was bitten by a venomous spider or scorpion and begins to have trouble breathing or shows signs of a sever reaction, call 911 immediately.

First Aid for Poisonous Plants Allergic skin reaction from poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac. About 85 percent of Americans will develop an allergic skin reaction if exposed to poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac. Symptoms include blistering, swelling, burning and itching and the person may develop fever. The first defense is to recognize and avoid these plants. If you come into contact with a poisonous plant: Remove contaminated clothing. Flush affected areas with water, and then wash thoroughly with soap and water. Certain over-the-counter preparations can be used to wash the affected areas. If a rash develops, use calamine lotion to relieve the itching. For severe discomfort or pain, seek medical attention.

Chapter 28 Lesson 4 Review Questions Define the term poison Define the term venom. Poisons can enter the body 4 ways. Name them and give examples for each one. What information should you have ready when you call a poison control center? Analyze and describe a strategy for preventing an accidental poisoning in your kitchen.