1. Bites/Stings Yr 10 HPE

2. Lesson Overview  Venomous bites and stings  Snakebites  Spider bites  Insect stings  Allergic reaction to a sting  Animal bites  Marine bites and stings

3. Venomous bites and stings  Animal bites and stings ->painful and some are potentially lethal  Occur frequently in the garden, at the beach, at home  Deadly bites= -taipan - brown snake - tiger snake - Funnel web spider - Red back spider - Blue-ringed octopus

4. Venomous bites and stings continued  Deadly stings= -Cone shells -Box jellyfish  Some stings can produce a potentially fatal reaction... Anaphylaxis i.e. bee stings, wasps, ticks

5. Management techniques for specific bites and stings  Four main first aid techniques -pressure immobilisation -cold compress (icepack) -vinegar -hot water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgY2Gts3P7E

6. Pressure Immobilisation Cold CompressVinegarHot water snakebeeJelly fish from tropical areas Stonefish Funnel-web spider European waspBullrout Mouse spiderAntStingray Blue-ringed octopus Non-tropical minor jellyfish Catfish Cone shellCrown-of-thorns starfish Allergic reaction to any bite or sting Bluebottle

7. Snakebite  Not a common occurrence in Australia  About 100 species of snakes in Australia -20 of which are highly dangerous to humans  All snakebites should be considered as life- threatening

8. Signs and Symptoms  Puncture marks or scratches  Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea  Headache  Double or blurred vision  Drooping eyelids  Bleeding from bite site  Breathing difficulties  Drowsiness, giddiness or faintness

9. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Rest and reassure patient 3. Apply a very firm pressure immobilisation bandage 4. Ensure casualty does not move 5. Call 000

10. Spider bites

11. Signs & Symptoms of a spider bite Funnel web spider bite Red-back spider bite Additional symptoms Sharp pain at bite site Excess salivaIntense local pain which increases and spreads Burning sensation Profuse sweatingConfusionSmall hair stand on end Swelling Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain Muscular twitching and breathing difficulty HeadacheBlistering Numbness around mouth Muscle weakness or spasms Copious tears Fast pulse Increase blood pressure

12. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Lie casualty down 3. Calm casualty Funnel web/Mouse Spider= pressure immobilisation bandage Red-back= apply cold pack to site Other bites= -wash with soap and water -Apply cold pack

13. Insect Stings  Stings are generally painful  Bee sting= stinger is left behind in the skin  Wasps= multiple stings  Ticks= -feed on casualty's blood -tick attaches themselves to body

14. Signs and Symptoms  Pain at site- sometimes extreme  Swelling and redness  Muscle weakness (tick)  Difficulty in breathing and swallowing (tick)  Itchy and painful blisters

15. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Apply cold compress Bee Sting= remove sting-> scrape sideways with your fingernail Tick bite= remove tick-> fine tipped forceps Press skin around tick’s embedded mouth Grip mouth part firmly, gently detach Do not squeeze the body

16. Allergic reaction to a sting  Can happen almost immediately  Can result in a blockage of airway-> anaphylactic shock

17. Signs and Symptoms  Rash, itching  Swollen eyelids, face, or neck tissues  Altered voice  Wheezing  Respiratory distress  Altered state of conscious

18. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Apply pressure immobilisation bandage 3. Ask casualty if they are carrying an EpiPen -determine whether they can administer EpiPen themselves 4. Ensure casualty keeps still 5. Conscious-> position patient that assists breathing

19. Animal Bites  Carry bacteria and other organisms in their mouths  Bites may puncture the skin  Untreated bites= likely to become infected

20. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Control bleeding- direct pressure & elevation 3. Apply dressing and bandage firmly 4. Immobilise if bite on a limb 5. Seek medical aid

21. Tropical marine bites and stings  Box jellyfish  Sea anemone  Jimble

22. Management 1. Follow DRSABCD 2. Calm casualty-> restrain from rubbing stung area 3. Flood the entire stung area with vinegar for at least 30 seconds 4. Remain with casualty until help arrives 5. Be prepared to give CPR (if necessary) 6. Keep casualty resting