1. FIRST AID: Is the immediate care or treatment that is given to an injured or ill person before professional medical aid can be obtained.

2. Priorities in an Emergency
Check the immediate surroundings for possible dangers.
Check to see if the victim is conscious.
Check Breathing
Control severe bleeding
Check the victim for poisoning.
Send for medical help.

3. Skin Wound Classification
Abrasion: skin is scraped against a rough surface
Bruise: compression causes bleeding under the skin
Laceration: an irregular tear of the skin
Avulsion: skin is ripped off
Puncture: penetration of the skin by a sharp object

4. First Aid for Open Wounds
Stop the Bleeding- apply direct pressure
Protect the Wound- Gauze or clean cloth
Treat for Shock (the failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulating to vital organs of the body)- Keep victim on back with feet elevated, cover body with blankets
Get Help- Call 911

5. First Aid for Open Wounds
1. Wash wound
2. Stop bleeding
3. Use antibacterial creme
4. Apply bandage

6. Burns Three types of burns:
1st degree- superficial burns, like sunburn, and involve the top layer of skin. Healing takes 5-7 days.
2nd degree- involve the top several layers of skin. The skin will have blisters and appear blotchy. Healing takes 3-4 weeks.
3rd degree- destroy all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat. It looks black or brown.

7. First aid for burns Rinse with cool water
Place a clean dressing over area to prevent infection
Elevate burned area above the heart
Treat for shock
NEVER try to remove clothing stuck to a burned area

8. Poisons Swallowing poison Symptoms Sharp abdominal cramps
Extreme drowsiness followed by loss of consciousness
Vomiting
Chemical odor

9. Treatment Call the nearest poison control center
Be prepared to give information about the victim and the poison
Depending on the poison, you may be told to give the person a substance that dilutes the poison, or an emetic, and agent that causes vomiting.
Treat victim for shock

10. Snakebite Poisonous snakes in the US First aid for snakebite
4 types- rattlesnake, copperhead, water moccasin (cottonmouth), and coral snake.
First aid for snakebite
Get victim to hospital
Keep bitten area below the level of heart
Call EMS
Keep victim still as possible

11. Contact Poisoning Poisonous plants Symptoms Treatment
Severe skin rash, blistering, swilling, burning, itching
Possible fever
Treatment
Remove any contaminated clothing
Rinse with water
Wash with soap

12. Chemical Poisoning Symptoms- burning of skin resembling sunburn
Treatment
Remove any clothing that has come into contact with the chemical.
Remove as much of the chemical from the surface of the skin as possible by flooding the skin with water
Contact the nearest poison control center

13. Fractures

14. Fracture Treatment Keep the bone end from moving
Immobilize the body part
Seek medical attention

15. Sprain/ Strain What Is the Difference Between a Sprain and a Strain?
A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament. One or more ligaments can be injured at the same time. The severity of the injury will depend on the extent of injury (whether a tear is partial or complete) and the number of ligaments involved.
A strain is an injury to either a muscle or a tendon. Depending on the severity of the injury, a strain may be a simple overstretch of the muscle or tendon, or it can result from a partial or complete tear.

16. Fainting-temporary loss of consciousness brought on by reduced supply of blood to the brain.
Treatment
Don’t prop the person up
Loosen any tight clothes
Maintain an open airway
Sponge the person’s face with water
If the person fails to revive promptly, seek medical attention

17. Animal bites Wash with soap and water Cover with clean dressing
Go to doctor to check for rabies- a vital disease of the nervous system that eventually causes madness and death.

18. Bee stings Take a flat sharp edge to scrape stinger away from the skin
Wash area with soap and water
Watch for allergic reaction
An allergic person normally carries medicine

19. Objects in the eye Flush eye with water, DO NOT rub eye
If object doesn’t dislodge then seek medical attention

20. Nosebleeds Keep person quiet, don’t blow your nose
Place the person in a sitting position and have them lean forward.
Apply direct pressure to bleeding nostril
Apply a cold towel to the person’s nose and face
Place a piece of gauze between the upper lip and teeth to stop the bleeding

21. Frostbite- ice crystals form in the body cells and destroy them.
Don’t rub the skin, soak it in lukewarm water
Bandage the injured part
Seek professional help
If frostbite goes untreated, gangrene may set in- which is death of a body part. Gangrene often requires amputation.

22. Heat cramps
Symptoms- muscle cramps, heavy sweating, headache, and dizziness.
Treatment
Move victim out of heat
Massage the muscle
Drink water or gatorade to replace the lost water and salt

23. Heat stroke Symptoms Treatment
Lack of perspiration, vomiting, confusion, irregular pulse
Treatment
Remove from heat
Immerse in cold water or place ice packs around neck
Contact emergency services