Bell Work Week of Monday, January 19 – Friday, January 23 Tuesday, January 20 Describe how insects could damage specific parts of the plant – leaves, roots, stems, fruit?

Plant Science AAEC – Paradise Valley Spring 2015 Signs of Pest Damage Plant Science AAEC – Paradise Valley Spring 2015

I Can… Describe the six different insect mouth designs. Describe signs of insect damage to plant leaves, stems, roots, and crops.

six different insect mouth Designs Chewing Piercing-sucking Rasping-sucking Sponging Siphoning Chewing-lapping

Chewing Mouthparts Chewing mouthparts are the most primitive; all other mouthparts derived from them. They are suited only for the utilization of solid foods.

Chewing Mouthpart

Insects with Chewing Mouth Designs Termite Grasshopper Other Examples: Crickets Earwigs Beetles Chewing Lice Armyworms Cutworms Weevile

Piercing-sucking Piercing-sucking insects pierce the epidermal layers of plants and animals and suck up the exuding sap or blood.

Piercing-sucking

Insects with Piercing-Sucking Mouth Designs Mosquito Aphid Horsefly

Rasping-sucking Rasping-sucking insects lacerate (tear) the epidermis of plants and suck up the extruding sap.

Rasping-sucking

Insects with Rasping-Sucking Mouth Designs Thrip

Sponging Sponging insects feed on exposed liquids, such as nector or sap, or by dissolving solid substances such as sugar in their salvia.

Sponging

Insects with Sponging Mouth Designs Housefly

Siphoning Siphoning insects feed on exposed liquids by sucking them up.

Siphoning

Insects with Siphoning Mouth Designs Butterfly Moth

Chewing-lapping Chewing-lapping insects have a combination of chewing and sucking mouthparts.

Chewing-lapping

Insects with Chewing-Lapping Mouth Designs Bumble Bee Honey Bee

signs of insect damage to plant leaves Damage to leaves reduces the plants ability to photosynthesize by sucking out the chlorophyll, and thus produce a crop. In forage crops, this is a direct damage to the crop. The principal way that insects damage leaves is by eating them. The type of damage is determined by the type of mouth parts that the insect has. Examples: holes in the leaves, missing portions of the leaves, and yellowing leaves due to sucking insects removing the sap from the leaves. Some insects produce a sticky waste that coats the leaves of plants. This waste reduces the plants ability to photosynthesize, and results in reduced yields.

signs of insect damage to plant leaves

signs of insect damage to plant stems Damage to stems affects all parts of the plant that are higher than the damaged stem. This may include other stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Insects damage stem by eating them. In some cases stems may be completely cut. Insects may bore into the stems and live inside, eating the stem.

signs of insect damage to plant stems

signs of insect damage to plant ROots Insects damage roots by eating them Cutting them in half Producing holes Spread root fungus and disease

signs of insect damage to plant ROots

signs of insect damage to crops. Harvested Crops Infestations of insects on harvested crops can be especially costly. The stored crop is in very close proximity. The crop has already been grown, harvested, stored, and in many cases additional expenses have incurred through drying, processing, etc. Insects either eat the stored product, or make it unmarketable through their presence.

signs of insect damage to crops.

Signs of Plant Damage Foldable 1.) Type of mouth design 2.) Describe impact/damage caused 3.) Examples of insects with mouth design 4.) Picture to help you remember