2. Anatomy of insects Insects are small animals that have three body regions and three pairs or six legs. Body regions are the head, thorax and abdomen. Five types of mouthparts are important when identifying insects.

3. Chewing Chewing insects chew or grind food. Chewing insects include beetles, cutworms, caterpillars and grasshoppers. Damage by chewing insects includes tearing, chewing or grinding all parts of the plant.

4. Piercing-sucking Piercing-sucking insects puncture plant and suck sap usually from the underside of the leaves or on the stem. Piercing-sucking insects include aphids, mealy bugs, mites, scale and whiteflies. Damage cause yellow spotted leaves which result in stunted growth.

5. Rasping-sucking Rasping-sucking insects rasps or breaks the leaf surface and suck sap. An example of a rasping-sucking insect is thrip. Damage plant tissue becomes speckled and white

6. Siphoning Siphoning insects dip a coiled tube into a liquid food such as nectar and draw (or siphon) it in. Siphoning insects include butterflies. Siphoning insects do little or no damage to the plant.

7. Sponging Sponging insects have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal. An example of a sponging insect is a housefly. Sponging insects can carry germs or diseases that can damage the plant.

8. Life cycle of insects Complete metamorphosis has four stages Egg Larva (worms or caterpillars) Pupa (resting stage) Adult (flies, beetles)

9. Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages Egg Nymph (baby insect) Adult

10. Insects must be killed when they are actively feeding or moving on the plant.