LIVE FOR TODAY “We must be willing to get rid of the life we’ve planned, so as to have the life that is waiting for us.” -Joseph Campbell

DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYTEM

FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Support structural support/framework for the entire body Storage Minerals (calcium) and lipids. Blood cell production. site of formation for all types of blood cells. Protection vital organs of the body Leverage Many of the joints of the body act as levers therefore assisting with movement. Provides a place for muscles, tendons, ligaments to attached

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flexible articulations form joints The skeleton is the rigid frame Muscles, tendons, and ligaments form a system of pulleys

DISRUPTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM POOR CONFORMATION TRAUMA DEGENERATIVE DISEASE INFLAMMATION NEOPLASIA

TRAUMA: LONG BONE FRACTURES Lameness, swelling, hx of abuse Deformity of bone, swelling

TRAUMA: CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES Open or Compound: broken bone exposed through skin Closed: broken bone beneath intact skin Simple: 1 fracture line (oblique, transverse, greenstick) Comminuted: multiple pieces Stable: ends opposed and fixed (ie. greenstick) Unstable: ends are not aligned, overlapped Compression: a crushing type injury usually of the vertebrae or growth plate

TRAUMA: DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES Transverse fracture Oblique fracture

TRAUMA: DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES Greenstick fracture Comminuted fracture

TRAUMA: DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES Fissure fractures

TRAUMA: DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES Spiral Fractures

TRAUMA: DIAGNOSIS OF FRACTURES COMPRESSION FRACTURE

TRAUMA: OPEN or COMPOUND In open fractures bone is exposed through the skin

METHODS OF FIXATION External Coaptation Internal Fixation Splints Casts Internal Fixation IM pins Bone plates, screws Cerclage wire

METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES ROBERT JONES BANDAGE

METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES: SPLINTS QUICKSPLINT METASPLINT or SPOON SPLINT It is critical that the splint support both the joint above and below the injury !

METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES: CASTS Casts can be made plaster of paris or other moldable material

METHODS OF FIXATION: SPLINTS AND CASTS NOTE: Casts and splints may not prevent rotation or overriding of fracture pieces, and may result in delayed healing or nonunion in some fractures. Splints should be changed weekly Casts can be left in place for several weeks.

METHODS OF FIXATION OF FRACTURES IM (Steinmann) pins with cerclage wires

METHODS OF FIXATION OF FRACTURES Advantages of IM pins Prevent bending forces Disadvantages Do not prevent rotation or compressive (axial) forces Should be combined with other methods such as cerclage wire to prevent other forces

METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES: BONE PLATES & SCREWS

METHODS OF FIXATION: EXTERNAL FIXATORS External fixators are pins that penetrate the skin and bones that are attached to fixed bars or acrylic using special clamps: Kirschner-Ehmer apparatus

CLIENT INFO Restrict activity Watch for drainage, swelling, heat from surgical sites or from splints/casts Metal (plates & pins) stronger than bone – refracture may occur Follow up x-rays necessary Metal should be removed after healing Metal may cause cold sensitivity