1. Types of Joint Movements

2. The Standard
SAP2. Students will analyze the interdependence of the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems as these relate to the protection, support and movement of the human body.
b. Explain how the skeletal structures provide support and protection for tissues, and function together with the muscular system to make movements possible.

3. Essential Question
What are some examples of the movements “PROTRACTION” and ”RETRACTION”?

4. Movement in the Shoulder Girdle
Very free moving because
Only attaches at one point to axial skeleton
Loose attachment of scapula allows it to slide
Glenoid cavity very shallow

5. Shoulder Girdle Also called pectoral girdle Composed of only two bones
Clavicle
Scapula

6. Humerus
The 3rd bone of the shoulder joint

7. Clavicle Collar bone Double-curved
Attaches medially to manubrium of sternum
Attaches laterally to scapula
Acts as a brace, keeping arm away from thorax
Also prevents shoulder dislocation

8. Scapula Main function is attachment of shoulder
Major point of muscle attachment for movement of arms
Weakly attached to thorax, so moves easily

9. Glenoid Cavity Socket of arm joint Shallow
Allows for great range of motion
Also dislocates easily

10. Sternoclavicular Joint

11. Acromioclavicular Joint

12. Glenohumeral Joint

13. Fractures

14. Simple Fracture Also called closed fracture
Bone breaks cleanly, and does not penetrate skin.
Little chance of infection

15. Compound Fracture Bone breaks completely
Bone ends protrude through skin
Major chance of serious bone infection

16. Comminuted Fracture
Bone breaks into many fragments
Common in elderly

17. Compression Fracture Bone is crushed Common in porous bones
Especially common in vertebrae of osteoporosis patients

18. Depression fracture Broken bones are forced inward
Common in skull fractures

19. Impacted Fracture Broken bone ends are forced into each other
Common in falls (ie. From ladder) where person attempts to break their fall

20. Spiral Fracture Occurs from excessive twisting force on bone
Common in sports injuries

21. Greenstick Fracture Bone breaks incompletely
Common in children due to more collagen in bones

22. Repairing Fractures
Closed reduction = bones are eased back into alignment and “reset”
Open reduction = bones are surgically reset using screws or wires
After either, a cast is usually applied to immobilize the bone; healing begins