End & Effects of WWI.

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End & Effects of WWI

End of the War American Troops arrive and provide a morale boost to war weary European soldiers By March 1918, Allied troops were pushing the Germans back across France and Belgium. German uprisings forced Kaiser William II to flee to exile in the Netherlands By Fall of 1918 Austria-Hungary also beginning to collapse At 11am on November 11, 1918 the new German government signed a peace treaty.

Costs of the War ALLIES Almost 5 million Almost 13 million CENTRAL Deaths in Battle Wounded in Battle ALLIES Almost 5 million Almost 13 million CENTRAL POWERS Over 11 million Over 8 million In 1918 there was a “pandemic” – the spread of a disease across the world. Over 20 million people were killed by the flu in just a few months.

Armenian Genocide

Armenian Genocide Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire caused tension between Turks (the majority) and minority groups Tension triggered the genocide of the Armenians (a minority) Tens of thousands of Christian Armenians were killed in the early 20th century by the Turks

Attempts at Peace, January 1918 American President Wilson proposed a peace plan called “The Fourteen Points” Included an end to secret treaties (alliances) Free trade (alliances/imperialism) Arms reduction (militarism) Self-determination (nationalism/imperialism) Fair treatment of colonial people (imperialism) League of Nations (international peace-keeping organization that solves problems through diplomacy not war)

Wilson's Draft of the 14 Points

Paris Peace Conference David Lloyd-George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson

Paris Peace Conference Goals of World Leaders: Woodrow Wilson* (U.S.) Wanted the 14 points to outline peace David Lloyd George* (Britain) Wanted to punish the Germans Georges Clemenceau* (France) Wanted to weaken Germany so it would never be a threat to France again Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Wanted the Allies to give them land once ruled by the Ottoman Empire * = main member of the Paris Peace Conference (The Big Three)

The Big Three

United States Senate never approved treaty Treaty of Versailles Germans forced to sign and had no input German’s assumed full responsibility for the war Forced Germany to pay war reparations, limited Germany’s military, removed territory from Germany (in Europe and abroad) Established a League of Nations (outlined by Wilson’s 14 points) Created a new map of Europe Created the mandate system (form of colonial rule) where Allied countries gained new land United States Senate never approved treaty

Effects of WWI Widespread dissatisfaction and disillusionment with war and peace Worldwide Economic Depression Mandate System Established Territory administered by Western powers in Africa, Asia, and Middle East New Countries in Eastern Europe Caused by break-up of Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire Population Movement