Imperialism Chapter 9

Section Focus How and why did the U.S. take a more active role in world affairs

WHY Copy European powers Engage in Imperialism (1800’s), establish extractive economies U.S. more concerned with expanding trade, getting rid of surplus goods Social Darwinism – Don’t fall behind Europe White Man’s Burden – U.S. culture is superior, has responsibility to share it with inferior races Replaces the frontier for the American spirit

HOW Commodore Matthew Perry opens trade with Japan – 1853 Acquire islands in Pacific Buy Alaska Expand trade into Latin America Build up navy – Alfred Mahan argues that all great empires have great navies (Great White Fleet), establish bases around world

Annexation of Hawaii American sugar cane plantations Wealthy white planters can vote Queen Liliuokalani takes away white’s political power U.S. planters and Marines overthrow queen, establish new govt., ask U.S. to annex Hawaii U.S. annexes Hawaii (1898) partly because of pressure from American businesses

Spanish-American War -1898 (Causes) Cubans rebel against Spanish rule Spanish brutality toward Cubans Yellow Press sensationalize and exaggerate Spanish atrocities William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer – New York newspaper publishers Jingoism among U.S. citizens Maine explodes – Spanish blamed

Spanish-American War (Key Battles) Manila Bay – U.S. navy defeats Spanish navy San Juan Hill – Teddy Roosevelt and Rough Riders become heroes in victory

Spanish-American War (Effects) Treaty of Paris – Cuba gains independence, U.S. gains Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico Debate over imperialism vs. anti-imperialism U.S. gains empire, new foreign policy and role in world affairs

Imperialism (Asia) Philippines China Japan Filipinos grew disillusioned with America Began an insurrection, fighting for independence More Americans die than in Spanish-American War China Nations carved up China into Spheres of Influence Boxer Rebellion U.S. favors Open Door Policy (free trade) Japan Rising power in Asia and Pacific Roosevelt negotiates treaty to end Russo-Japanese War “Gentlemen’s Agreement” to limit Japanese emigration and segregation Great White Fleet – New U.S. navy sent on tour of world to project American power and protect interests

Imperialism (Latin America) Cuba – Platt Amendment – Restricted rights of Cuba Foraker Act – U.S. sets up Puerto Rico govt., citizens have limited rights Big Stick Diplomacy – Roosevelt Military achieves goals Roosevelt Corollary – U.S. acts as police force in Americas Panama Canal – Quick travel b/w Atlantic and Pacific Dollar Diplomacy – Taft Investing in Latin America, substituting “dollars for bullets” Moral Diplomacy – Wilson Focus on human rights and integrity, not conquest and expansion/imperialism