Low Power Systems Using Transmeta Crusoe Processors Bill Gervasi Technology Analyst, Transmeta Chairman, JEDEC Memory Parametrics

2 Crusoe 5800 System Architecture TM5800 CPU PC133 SDRAM ControllerDDR333 SDRAM Controller PCI Controller On-Chip Cache Path Arbiter DDR SDRAM PORT SDR SDRAM PORT PCI Expansion Bus Standard system peripherals Crusoe is a trademark of Transmeta Corp. Transmeta Crusoe was the first DDR enabled processor in the industry

3 Advantages of Integrated Memory Control One less bus to waste power Low latency to memory after cache miss No synchronization penalties –Unique source synchronous & true synchronous memory design –Memory clock domain tied to CPU clock domain Aggressive power management coordinated with CPU power states

4 A Brief Tutorial on Power Consumption Power = CV 2 f% Factors: Capacitance (C) Voltage (V) Frequency (f) Duty cycle (%) Power states Keys to low power design: Reduce C and V Match f to demand Minimize duty cycle Utilize power states

5 Quiz #1 on CPU Power Question: Which Burns More Energy? 1.A 600 MHz CPU 2.A 1 GHz CPU Hint: This is a trick question.

6 Answer to Quiz #1 Assume the 600 MHz CPU is a downbin of the 1 GHz CPU If the task load, such as DVD decode, requires 600 MHz of processing power –The 600 MHz CPU must be maxed out with its highest core voltage, e.g., 1.2V –The 1 GHz CPU can be throttled to 600 MHz and can have its core voltage reduced, e.g., 1V Conclusion: The 1 GHz CPU burns less energy for a given task than the 600 MHz CPU

7 The LongRun Philosophy Use the least energy possible to accomplish the desired task. LongRun is a trademark of Transmeta Corp.

8 Transmeta Crusoe with LongRun On Demand processing Scale operational frequency on application demand –33 MHz increments from 400 MHz to CPUs max frequency –Adjust core voltage to minimum for the desired target frequency –LongRun events hundreds of times per second Memory clock speed relative to CPU speed, e.g.: 1 GHz CPU 333 MHz DDR or 167 MHz SDR 400 MHz CPU 200 MHz DDR or 100 MHz SDR

9 CPU Without LongRun Technology Users must balance choice of CPU speed against decreasing battery life 600 MHz 800 MHz 1 GHz Battery Life Energy required per task

10 CPU With LongRun Technology Users will want the highest MHz CPU –Best Performance –Lower Power –Longest battery life 600 MHz 800 MHz 1 GHz Battery Life Energy required per task

11 Memory Transition From SDR to DDR

12 The JEDEC Memory Roadmap JEDEC roadmap triples GB/s/W with each generation –Power reduction of 30% –Bandwidth doubles SDR DDR I DDR II 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V

13 Power: DDR II vs DDR I vs SDR PC133 DDR333 DDR I Four times the bandwidth yet half the power! DDR533 DDR II

14 Transmetas CPU Roadmap Supports the JEDEC Memory Roadmap. Always has.

15 TM6000 x86 System On a Chip 128-bit VLIW / CMS 5.x 1 GHz Less Power and Space Crusoe Processor Roadmap Crusoe Processor Roadmap TM5400 / TM bit VLIW / CMS MHz TM5500 / TM bit VLIW / CMS MHz - 1 GHz Next Generation Crusoe 256-bit VLIW / New CMS 2-3x Performance

16 TM6000 Single Chip PC TM6000 Single Chip PC is Ideal for Wireless Internet Devices Smallest Footprint Lowest Power Highest Performance (400 MHz to 1 GHz) Full x86 Compatibility Optional Support for External 3D Graphics PCI Bus 4X USB 1.1 LPC Bus IDE/DVD/CD-RW TM6000 AC97 Link KBC SMBUS LVDS 24-bit Digital DDR MB-2GB w/ECC IDE (Flash or Disk) Disk Upgrade

17 DDR333 Memory Controller 2.7 GB/s DDR with ECC Crusoe TM6000 Microprocessor -- x86 System on a Chip Universal Serial Bus (USB) 4 Ports OHCI 1.0a AC-Link Audio/ModemSystem Management busLow Pin Count bus (LPC) 8 General Purpose I/OsLegacy PC Peripherals Dual 8259 Int. Controller Dual 8237 DMA Controller 8254 System Timer Real Time Clock UART Graphics Controller 24 bit digital and LVDS interfaces Dual Scan LCD and CRT DVD playback support PCI Bus Interface IDE Disk Controller 2 Channel / 4 Drives Central Processor Unit 1 GHz volt LongRun 128-bit VLIW Engine 512KB L2 Cache

18 TM5800 Solution 3.6 watts DVD Play Example: TM5800 Solution CPU+NB = ~1.4 watts Southbridge = ~0.7 watts Graphics = ~1.5 watts Total = ~3.6 watts TM6000 System Level Power Management By integrating the TM6000, LongRun can now be applied to Graphics and Southbridge electronics as well. TM6000 Solution ~2 watts TM6000 Solution Total = ~2.0 watts - 44%

19 Summary Aggressive power management techniques enable new mobile and low power computing markets Its a systems level design issue… apply to all subsystems as well

20 Thank You