1. Computer Anatomy Chin-Sung Lin Eleanor Roosevelt High School

2. The Visible Part: Computer Hardware

3. What is a Computer? Main Memory Microprocessor Storage OutputInput

4. What is a Computer?

6. System Unit

7. Motherboard

8. Terminology Bit (b), Byte (B), Word, LSB & MSB

9. Terminology Prefix: kB, MB, GB & TB Example: Number of bytes (B) Example: Number of bytes (B) 1 kB = 1,000 B = 10 3 B 1 kB = 1,000 B = 10 3 B 1 MB = 1,000,000 B = 10 6 B 1 MB = 1,000,000 B = 10 6 B 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 B = 10 9 B 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 B = 10 9 B 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 B = 10 12 B 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 B = 10 12 B

10. Terminology Serial vs. Parallel Communication

11. Terminology Frequency (Hz, kHz, MHz & GHz) Number of clocks per second (Hertz, Hz) Number of clocks per second (Hertz, Hz) 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz = 10 3 Hz 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz = 10 3 Hz 1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz = 10 6 Hz 1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz = 10 6 Hz 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz = 10 9 Hz 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz = 10 9 Hz

12. Terminology Bandwidth (BW) Amount of data being transmitted per second (e.g., MB/s, Gb/s) Amount of data being transmitted per second (e.g., MB/s, Gb/s) USB 3.0 reaches 5 Gb/s (gigabits per second) USB 3.0 reaches 5 Gb/s (gigabits per second) PCI Express 4.0 can reach 15.754 Gb/s PCI Express 4.0 can reach 15.754 Gb/s IEEE 802.11 ad reaches 6.75 Gb/s IEEE 802.11 ad reaches 6.75 Gb/s

13. Back Panel Interface

14. PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Connectors PS/2 Mouse PS/2 Keyboard

15. Serial and Parallel Ports 25-pin Parallel Port 9-pin Serial Port

16. USB and Ethernet Connectors Ethernet USB

17. Audio Connectors Line In Microphone In Audio Out

18. VGA Connectors

19. HDMI Connectors

20. ATX Connector

21. IDE (PATA) Connector

22. SATA Connector

23. Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)

24. PCI Slot

25. Motherboard Interface

26. Motherboard

27. What is a Computer?

28. Main Memory Microprocessor Storage OutputInput

38. Motherboard

39. Processor

40. Processor

41. Central Processing Unit (CPU) SelectABY00000011010001111000101011011111

43. SelectABY00000011010001111000101011011111

45. Motherboard Chipset

47. Cache Memory Level 2 Cache Memory

48. Memory Hierarchy

50. Memory 72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) 168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)

51. Hard Drive (HD/HDD)

52. Hard Drive Capacity

53. Solid State Drive (SSD)

54. Hybrid Hard Drive (HHD)

55. HD vs. SSD

56. Solid State Drive (SSD)

57. Power Supply Unit

58. Motherboard

59. Motherboard

60. The Invisible Part: Computer Software

61. Software Layer Structure

63. Operating System

64. Desktop Operating System

65. Mobile Operating System (US)

66. Mobile Operating System (Global)

67. Types of Operating Systems Single-user, single-tasking Single-user, single-tasking Single-user, multi-tasking Single-user, multi-tasking Multi-user, multi-tasking Multi-user, multi-tasking Real-time operating system Real-time operating system

68. Single-User Single-Tasking Single user can effectively do one thing at a time. Also know as Embedded operating systems. Used in personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones.

69. Single-User Multi-Tasking Typical desktop and laptop operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS. Single user can run several programs at the same time.

70. Multi-User Multi-Tasking A multi-user operating system simultaneously allows many different users (hundreds or even thousands) to take advantage of the computer's resources. Unix, MVS, VMS are examples. Unix, MVS, VMS are examples.

71. Real-Time OS (RTOS) The fastest OS which are used in time-critical environments/applications. Control machinery, scientific instruments, industrial systems, sophisticated medical equipment, airport traffic, space flights and high speed aircraft.

72. Software Layer Structure

74. Operating System

76. Functions of Operating Systems System Bootup System Bootup Application Program Loading Application Program Loading Hardware Resource Management Hardware Resource Management Memory Management Memory Management File System Management File System ManagementSecurity User Interface User Interface

77. PC Boot Up Process CPU initializes itself by a series of clock ticks. ROM BIOS runs the power-on self test (POST), and checks the BIOS chip, CMOS RAM, hardware (e.g., video card), secondary storage (e.g., hard drives), ports, keyboard and mouse. The BIOS looks for an OS to load from the C drive or DVD drive. The order of drives that the CMOS looks to in order to locate the OS is called the boot sequence. The BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS takes over control of the boot process. The OS performs another inventory of the system's memory and loads the device drivers for the peripheral devices, such as a printer, scanner, optical drive, mouse and keyboard. After this the user can access the system’s applications to perform tasks.

78. Keep an on … Future Technology

79. Mobile Computing

80. Cloud Computing

81. Neuromorphic Chips

82. Quantum Computer

83. Cognitive Computing

84. Computer Anatomy Q & A