Prof. Muhammad Saeed

"The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months." Moors Law

Comparison Of CISC & RISC Technologies

Intel 4004 Year1971 Clock Speed740 KHz No. Of Transistors 2300 at 10 m MIPS0.07 Register Length4-bit Data Bus Length4-bit Address Memory640 bytes First single-chip microprocessor

Intel 8008 Year1972 Clock Speed800 KHz No. Of Transistors 3500 at 10 m MIPS0.05 Register Length8-bit Data Bus Length8-bit Address Memory16 kb

Intel 8086 Year1978 Clock Speed5MHz No. Of Transistors at 3 m MIPS0.33 Register Length16-bit Data Bus Length16-bit Address Memory1 MB

Intel 8088 Year1979 Clock Speed5MHz No. Of Transistors at 3 m MIPS0.33 Register Length16-bit Data Bus Length Ext8-bit Address Memory1 MB

Intel Year1982 Clock Speed6-25MHz No. Of Transistors at 1.5 m MIPS Register Length16-bit Data Bus Length 16-bit Addressable Memory16 MB

Intel 80386DX Year1985 Clock Speed16-33MHz No. Of Transistors at 1 m MIPS5-9.9 Register Length32-bit Data Bus Length 32-bit Addressable Memory4G MB

Intel 80486DX Year1989 Clock Speed25-50MHz No. Of Transistors 1.2million at m MIPS20-41 Register Length32-bit Data Bus Length 32-bit Addressable Memory4G MB Includes Math Coprocessor and Cache

Intel Pentium Year1993 Clock Speed60-200MHz No. Of Transistors million at m MIPS Register Length64-bit Data Bus Length 64-bit Addressable Memory4GB Includes data and Instruction Caches(8k)

Intel Pentium II Year1997 Clock Speed-450MHz No. Of Transistors 7.5million at m MIPS Register Length64-bit Data Bus Length 64-bit Addressable Memory4G B Includes data and Instruction Caches(8k) 541 MIPS at 200 MHz

Intel Pentium III Year1999 Clock Speed600MHz No. Of Transistors 9.5million at m MIPS2054 Register Length64-bit Data Bus Length 64-bit Addressable Memory64G B 2,054 MIPS at 600 MHz

Intel i7 Year2008 Clock Speed3.2 GHz No. Of Transistors 731,000, nm-22nm MIPS2,054 Register Length64-bit Data Bus Length 64-bit Addressable Memory64GB

8088 Block Diagram

Intel 8088 Units: EU BIU ALU Bus Control EU Control Instruction Queue Registers: General Purpose Pointer Segment Flags

16 bit Flags Register

Intel 8088 Levels of Programming Language: Microcode Machine Code Assembly Language Low-Level Programming Language High-Level Programming Language

Pentium Block Diagram

Registers 8-64 Bits

32 bit Flags Register

END